ABSTRACT
Background: Hyperlipidemia is the primary risk factor for coronary artery disease and subsequently leading to morbidity and mortality in adulthood. It is a well-known fact that coronary artery disease can initiate in the fetal stage itself. The present study was planned to analyse cord blood lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels and its association with gender and birth weight.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, in collaboration with Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at SKIMS Medical College and Hospital, Bemina, Srinagar. A total 200 pregnant women who delivered by normal vaginal delivery and caesarean section were included in the study. 10 ml of umbilical cord blood was collected in a plain vial from the placental end within five minutes of delivery and serum lipoprotein and Apo-lipoprotein levels were measured.Results: Out of 200 newborns102 were males and 98 were females. Statistically significant difference was seen in parameters Apo A1, Apo B, Atherogenic index (Apo B/Apo A1) and LDL between the genders rest of the parameters were statistically. Also 32 newborns (16.0%) had <2500, 152 (76.0%) new born had 2500-4000 and 16(8.0%) > 4000 grams birth weight. The mean lipoprotein and Apo-lipoprotein levels in these new born were compared between the groups. The mean serum levels of TC, TG, LDL and HDL were statistically significant (<0.05) between the three groups were as Apo A1, Apo B, Atherogenic index (Apo B/Apo A1) and VLDL was insignificant (>0.05) respectively.Conclusions: CVD being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries, early screening of the at risk babies i.e. low birth weight newborns using cord blood lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels helps in primordial and primary prevention of diseases.
ABSTRACT
Background: Over the past three decades, the number of people with diabetes mellitus has more than doubled globally, making it one of the most important public health challenges to all nations. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to compare the levels of HbA1c, serum calcium, serum magnesium, serum phosphate, serum uric acid and microalbuminuria in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal healthy individuals. Methods: This is a cross sectional study and was undertaken in the Department of Biochemistry, SKIMS-MC&H, Bemina, Srinagar. Total 300 subjects included in this study were divided into 2 groups. Group I: included 150 normal healthy individuals, who were in the age group 30-80 years, of either sex. Group II: included 150 newly diagnosed patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the same age group. Fasting blood samples were drawn and investigated for serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, uric acid, blood sugar and HbA1c. 24-hours urine was taken for estimation of microalbuminuria, and these values were compared with those of normal healthy subjects. Means ± standard deviation were calculated and student t-test was applied to find out significance level. Results: Mean serum levels of FBS, HbA1c, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid were 89.71 ± 9.22, 4.68 ± 0.47, 9.61± 0.84, 2.23 ± 0.41, 3.45 ± 0.46, 4.21 ± 1.04 in controls (group-I) and 145.57 ± 76.61, 8.94 ± 2.38, 8.09 ± 0.18, 1.92 ± 0.27, 2.82 ± 0.68, 7.01 ± 0.27 in cases (group-II) respectively (<0.001). Microalbuminuria showed significant mean difference between cases and controls 35.01 ± 41.30 and 15.35 ± 2.60 (<0.001). Conclusion: There is decrease in serum calcium, magnesium and phosphate levels, all these plays an important role in the regulation of glucose level in the blood. Hence oral supplementation of all these ions other than diet is recommended. Increased serum uric acid and microalbuminuria was seen with reduced glucose tolerance hence early estimation of both the parameters should be done while monitoring case of Type-2 diabetes and thus will help to decrease the incidence of renal complications.