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Children less than 6 years old are the most vulnerable group to get harm from Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure, especially their respiratory system. To determine the prevalence of ETS exposure and its association with asthma like symptoms among children less than 6 years old. A cross sectional study was conducted in between January till April 2014 among parents with children less than 6 years old in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 142 parents were selected by simple random sampling and data were collected using guided questionnaire on ETS exposure and asthma like symptoms (cough and wheeze) among their children. A total of 52.8% of children found to be exposed to ETS, and 43.7% were exposed from their father. ETS exposure significantly associated with cough without cold (adjusted OR=5.46, 95% CI 2.37, 12.61), dry cough at night (adjusted OR=3.74, 95%CI 1.41, 9.95) and cough upon physical activity (adjusted OR=3.08, 95% 1.07, 8.89) among these children. Children less than 6 years old are vulnerable to respiratory problem due to ETS exposure especially on cough symptoms. More strategies should be developing to reduce the exposure to ETS.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise in Malaysia. Physical inactivity is common among T2DM patients and is an important aspect that warrants action as it may lead to poor glycemic control. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of physical inactivity and its associated factors among T2DM patients. Methods: The sample consisted of 121 T2DM patients aged 18 to 65 years who attended the UK11{MC primary clinic for routine follow up. A questionnaire consisting of three sections was used to collect the data: (i) socio-economic and diabetes-related factors; (ii) physical inactivity using shortened International Physical Activity Questionnaire (]PAQ); and (iii) five domains leading to physical inactivity. Results: The mean age of the sample was found to be 56.2 ± 8.5 years; 55% were physically inactive; 76% had low education; 55.4% had low income; 76% had poor glycemic control; and mean duration of illness was 7.8 ± 6.9 years. Factors significantly associated with physical inactivity were presence of health complications (x2= 5.89; p=0.015) and factor domains of 'respondent's current physical health' (t=5.88, p<0.001), 'availability of facility' (t=3.45, p<0.001), 'availability of time' (t=3.57, p<0.001) and 'respondent's perception of possibility of sustaining pain and injury during physical activity' (t=3.64, p<0.001). Using multiple logistic regression, only factors of 'physical health factor' (Adjusted OR: 1.58, confidence interval 95% (CI 95%): 1.31-1.92, p<0.001) and 'time' (adjusted OR: 1.27, CI 95%: 1.12-1.45, p<0.001) were found to be associated with higher odds for physical inactivity. Conclusion: The results indicate that facility availability, time management and better management of health complications could increase physical activity among T2DM patients.
ABSTRACT
The trend of using nonprescription substances for weight-loss management is common. There are several factors associated with the use of nonprescription substances. This study aimed to determine prevalence and factors associated with the use of nonprescription substances for weight-loss management among university students. A cross sectional study was conducted from August until October 2013 among 358 postgraduate students aged 22 – 45 years in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). A validated self-administered questionnaire was distributed by multistage sampling to the students. The prevalence of using nonprescription substances among university students was 27.9% (n=100). There were significant association between use of nonprescription substances with age (t=2.41, p=0.017), peer influence (t=7.06, p<0.001), media influence (t=4.38, p<0.001), marital status (t=2.41, p=0.017), BMI (χ²=23.72, p<0.001), body weight dissatisfaction (χ²=14.77, p<0.001) and experienced of conventional strategies (χ²=94.81, p<0.001). After controlling the confounders, BMI (Adj OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.42-4.36), peer influence (Adj OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.15) and experienced of conventional strategies (Adj OR: 9.25, 95% CI: 4.95-17.28) were positively associated with the use of nonprescription substances. In conclusion, the prevalence of nonprescription substances use among university students is common among overweight and obese, had peer influence and experienced of conventional strategies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide university students with education and access to scientific and unbiased information of nonprescription substances.
Subject(s)
Nonprescription Drugs , Weight Loss , Universities , Students , MalaysiaABSTRACT
The population with normal body mass index (BMI) but with abdominal obesity are most of the time the ‘neglected’ population in terms of health interventions. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence of abdominal obesity and to explore the factors causing abdominal obesity by using waist circumference (WC) measurement. A cross sectional study was conducted among a group of respondents in Tanjung Karang, Selangor, Malaysia from January until June 2010, among those aged 18 years old and above, to explore the demographic (gender and ethnics), lifestyle factors (physical activity, carbohydrate intake and smoking status) and measurement of body weight, height and waist circumference. A total of 629 subjects with normal BMI were studied. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 36.1% based on WC (40.0% males and 70.0% females). The predictor model revealed that being non-Malay (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.35-3.20) and being female (aOR = 3.6 ; 95% CI : 2.51-5.06) were the associated factors of having abdominal obesity in normal BMI population. In conclusion, females and non-Malay were factors that were found to be associated with abdominal obesity in normal BMI population. This is important in targeting this vulnerable population with risk factors that can develop non communicable diseases for early interventions.
ABSTRACT
Hepatic resection, the only treatment that offers long term survival for patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), have shown significant improvement in results over the past decades. The aim of the study was to compare the survival between patients receiving and not receiving surgery. A retrospective cohort study measured the survival of newly diagnosed cases of HCC patients who underwent treatment in Selayang Hospital from 1 January 2003 till 31 December 2006. Survival time was measured from the date of diagnosis until the subjects died or until the end of study period (31 December 2007). Overall survival was significantly longer in surgery group in comparison with non-surgery group with a median survival of 43 and 20 months, respectively (p<0.001). The following factors were noted to have improved survival duration with surgical resection; Child Pugh Class B patients, tumor size less or more than 4cm and number of nodules less than 3. Subgroup analysis showed improved survival duration with surgical resection among patients with Child Pugh Class B with tumor size less than 4cm or with nodule less than 3 and patients who had less than 3 nodules, even with tumor size of less or more than 4cm. Multivariate Cox Re-gression showed surgical intervention significantly improved survival time for overall patients (Adjusted HR: 1.5) while non-surgery improved survival in patients with tumor size less than 4cm (Adjusted HR: 0.4). Surgical resection significantly improved the survival duration in overall patients while non-surgical procedure improved survival if the tumor size was less than 4cm.