A risk prediction model of the incidence of occupational low back pain among mining workers.

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is the most frequently reported musculoskeletal disorder in workers. This study was aimed to develop risk prediction model of low back pain that can be used to prevent the recurring low back pain attack. Methods: The study was case-control design based on the industrial community by using ergonomical approach. Total samples were 91 workers for cases and 91 workers for controls. Workers suffering for low back pain in the last 6 months served as cases, and those from the same age group and receiving the same amount of exposure without any symptoms of low back pain served as controls. Risk factors include socio-demographic factors, socio-ocupational factors, physical working environmental factors, non-physical environmental factors, and biomechanics factors. Receiver Operating Characreistics (ROC) was used to describe relationship between true positive value (in vertical axis) and false positive value (in horizontal axis) in order to discover a risk predictive value of LBP. Results: The determinant risk factors for low back pain (LBP) were bending work postures, waist rotation movement, manual lifting, unnatural work postures, those who had worked for more than 18 years, and irregular sport activities. By using ROC with 91.20% senstivity and 87.90% spesifi city, the calculated prediction value was 0.35. This is the cut-off point to discriminate workers with and without LBP. The risk predictors value of work-induced LBP calculated by linear equation of logistic regression varied between 0-11.25. Conclusion: The prediction model of work-induced LBP can be used for early detection of LBP to reduce the risk and prevent the recurrence of LBP.

Influence of the abilities in controlling violence behavior to the length of stay of schizophrenic clients in Bogor mental hospital, Indonesia.

Aim In average, the length of hospital stay in mental hospitals in Indonesia is 54 days, the longest of which occur on schizophrenic clients. In Bogor Mental Hospital, the average length of stay is 115 days. Those with schizophrenic and violence behavior have 42 days length of stay. The purpose of this study was to reduce length of stay for schizophrenic clients by enhancing their abilities to control violence behavior. Methods This is a quasi experimental study with multiple series design. Study was conducted in Bogor Mental Hospital with 152 respondents (75 intervention and 77 non intervention). Training was given to the intervention group about the ways how to control violence behavior. Results The results of this study showed that the average length of stay in the hospital for the clients in intervention group was 23 days and non intervention group was 40 days. There were 86.6% of clients in intervention group that independently (without assistance) could control their behavior, whereas 13.4 % still need assistant. All clients in non intervention group had no abilities to control their violence behavior. Clients who were independent in controlling violence behavior had significantly shorter length of stay compared to non independent clients (p < 0.05). Conclusion Hence, the training control violence behavior can increase the abilities of the clients in controlling their violence behavior and resulting in shorter length of stay in hospital.