ABSTRACT
Background: Meningitis is defined as an inflammation of the membranes and cerebrospinal fluid that cover completely and bathes the brain and spinal cord. It is a serious disease and may result in permanent complications if not diagnosed and treated early. The initial treatment approach to the patient with suspected acute bacterial meningitis depends on early recognition of the meningitis syndrome, rapid diagnostic evaluation, and emergent antimicrobial and adjunctive therapy
Objectives: To compare the short course antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis versus long course; wheather the organism identified or not in Abbassia Fever Hospital
Methodology: Prospective study; in Abbassia Fever Hospital from June 2013 till December 2014
Results: N. meninigitidis were only three cases [three from 84cases]; mean 14.33 and SD +/- 6.03. All these cases received R, V as line of treatment while other organisms as enterococci most of them received the same line [i. e. R, V] 45.8% and only two cases [2.8%] received R, U, and E. The patients whom fully recovered most of them used the treatment plan R, V [38, 63.3%] followed by R, V, E [9, 15%] and to a lesser extent R, U [7, 11.7%]. There was statistical highly significance between the treatment plan chose and the outcomes of the patients and the p value was 0.010. R, V is the most common treatment plan used [44 cases] followed by R, V, E [17 cases] and the least common plan used was R, U, E [2 cases]. The absence of hydrocephalus or shunt operation was the most prevalent [81 cases] where the mean was 11.63 and SD +/- 3.93
Conclusions: The most commonly used treatment plan was ceftriaxone and vancomydn. Only 10 patients received short duration of therapy. Recommendations: Further studies should be conducted on more national level to discuss the importance of short course therapy and which cases can receive it
ABSTRACT
Fifty strains of C. Albicans were isolated from specimens obtained from 3 various anatomical sites; vagina [20 strains], fingernails [10 strains] and oral cavity [20 strains]. All of them caused clinical illness except for 10 vaginal strains, which were isolated from clinically free females. The identification of C. albicans was done by the germ tube test. Each strain was cultured on malt extract agar plates in the form of streaks for strain differentiation by morphotyping using the modified simplified scheme of Hunter et al. This coding system depends mainly on the fringe characters which are more conspicuous, more consistent and more readily coded than those associated with the streak surface. Fifteen different morphotypes were described. The morphotypes most frequently isolated were those showing discontinuous narrow fine fringes [26%], those lacking any fringes [24%] and those giving discontinuous narrow coarse fringes [18%]. There was a significant difference in the distribution of fringe characters between the 3 categories of superficial infections. The main differences were the predominance of discontinuous fringes among oral isolates and narrow coarse fringes among vaginal cases. The combination of simplicity and reproducibility of morphotyping make it an ideal typing method for first line use
ABSTRACT
The eye flora was studied in 50 cases before and after receiving local antibiotics as a preoperative preparation for ocular surgery. Cultures from inner canthus, upper and lower fornices were done before and after receiving antibiotics for 24 hours. Staph. epidermitis was found to be the most predominant type of bacteria comprising the eye flora [66%]. Comparing bacterial flora in different sites of the eye revealed that the upper fornix is the most sterile site of the eye, while the inner canthus was the least sterile. As a preoperative preparation for ocular surgery, the three antibiotic regimens used succeeded in eradicating or reducing bacterial flora. The most efficient antibiotic regimen used was mephenicol eye drops with polymyxin-B sulfate ointment
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Administration, Topical , Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapyABSTRACT
Nosocomial infection is a serious health and economic problem all over the world. The incidence of nosocomial wound infections due to Gram-negative bacilli has increased over the past years. 120 patients with nosocomial postoperative wound infections by Gram negative bacilli were the subject of this study. The majority of these Gram -ve bacilli [71.6%] were fermentative bacteria whereas 28. 4% of the isolates were non-fermentative bacilli [NFB]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the non fermenter most frequently isolated from the infected wounds [55.9%]. The other non fermenters that were incriminated in wound infection were Ps. maltophilia [11.8%], Ps. cepacia [5.9%], Ps. fluorescent [5.9%], Ps. paucimobilis [8.7%], Acinetobacter calcoaceticus [5.9%], 'Moraxella spp. [5.9%]. Fermentative Gram -ve bacilli were the predominating pathogens in all the infected surgical wounds, irrespective of the anatomical site [abdominal, lower limbs, upper limbs, urinary tract, head and neck]; but equal percentages of fermentative and NFB were isolated from chest wounds, and higher percentages of NFB from ophthalmic wounds. NFB were found to be of significance in infections of surgical wounds and antimicrobial therapy should be based on their proper identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing