ABSTRACT
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) is a bacterial pathogen wreaking havoc in pomegranate cultivation. It causes bacterial blight disease dwindling yield and making fruit unfit for consumption. Physiological and histological investigations during host-pathogen interaction are prerequisite to assess the onset of defense mechanism in plants. Therefore, we tried to compare the pomegranate resistant (IC 318734) and highly susceptible (Ruby) genotypes challenged with Xap. The bacterial suspension containing Xap cells of 0.3 OD600 (~106 to 107CFU mL?1) was used for challenge inoculation. Uniformly grown resistant and highly susceptible plants were selected, the surface of leaves was pricked and spray-inoculated with bacterial suspension using native strain IIHR1 (NCBI Gen Bank ID: KT 222897). Simultaneously, the control plants were also sprayed with only distilled water and observed. A total of three replications with five plants per replication were maintained and evaluated under completely randomized design. Physiological investigations were recorded using Portable photosynthesis system (LCpro+, ADC BioScientific limited, UK) for one cycle of disease progression viz., 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after bacterial spray inoculation (DAI). Significant changes in gas exchange parameters were witnessed on pathogen inoculation. Higher reduction in mean percent change of photosynthetic and transpiration rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, internal CO2 content, stomatal conductance and relative water content were noticed in highly susceptible genotype than resistant one. On contrary, an increased percent mean change of intrinsic water use efficiency, carboxylation capacity and lignin was documented in resistant genotype. Relative injury caused due to bacterial infection was found high in highly susceptible genotype than resistant one. Histological investigations in highly susceptible and resistant genotype were studied on 20th day of Xap inoculation using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Highly susceptible genotype exhibited maximum deformed cells, tissues and other visible abnormalities upon Xap inoculation. Thus, this study forms a basis for effective disease management and breeding programmes in pomegranate.
ABSTRACT
AIM: This case report presents one such case which has been successfully treated using inversely placed periosteal pedicle graft. BACKGROUND: Various periodontal surgical procedures have evolved over time for obtaining complete root coverage of isolated single tooth miller’s class I and class II gingival recession defects. CASE DESCRIPTION: inversely placed Periosteal pedicle graft is a latest innovation in root coverage procedures where periosteum is used for recession coverage. This pedicled graft utilises the osteogenic potential of the periosteum which is due to its highly vascular nature, presence of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and stem cells. In this case single isolated Millers Class II recession defects was treated in a single surgery using this latest technique. CONCLUSION: The results obtained 1 year post operatively there was significant reduction in height and width of recession (Root coverage Achieved was 100%), increase in width of attached gingiva, Clinical Attachment Level' were quite encouraging to use it on a regular basis for root coverage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A newer less invasive modality to treat both sensitivity and unesthetic appearance due to gingival recession. obtaining predictable and esthetic root coverage has become an important part of periodontal therapy. Several techniques have been developed to obtain these results with variable outcomes.