ABSTRACT
Introduction: The sinonasal region is often imaged because of infectious and allergic diseases of the nasal cavityand paranasal sinuses. Improved knowledge of normal pneumatization and development of paranasal sinusesis important to allow sinus diseases to be evaluated and an adequate treatment to be proposed.Materials and methods: 100 patients (72 males and 28 females) undergoing coronal and axial sections of computedtomography scan of maxillary sinus of head and neck aged between 1year to 90 years at the Radiology Department,Vydehi Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre Bangalore for reasons other than due to craniofacialabnormalities or sinus problem were taken for the study. Volume and dimensions of the maxillary sinuses withits anatomical variations were obtained. Mean, SD, significant difference between age & gender was calculated.Results: Maxillary sinuses in Males on both sides have higher values in mean height, depth and volume thanfemales except right side width which was lesser in value than females. All the mean parameters were more onleft sinus both in male and females, except mean height of right sinus in males, on side comparison all the meanparameters were more on right side in females. There is a significant difference in mean height of right and leftmaxillary sinus in between male and female. There is a significant difference on right and left side widthbetween male and female in the age group 51-60 yrs and 61-70 yrs. The maximum age growth in males was during11-20 yrs and 41-50 yrs in height, width and volume, in 21-30 yrs and 31-40 yrs in depth, later dimensions weredecreasing in growth by 61-70 yrs in height and 81-90 yrs both in depth, width and volume. In females maximumgrowth was in 21-30 yrs and 51-70 yrs for height, depth, volume, 11-20 yrs and 51-60 yrs for width dimensions, laterdecreases by 61-70 yrs onwards in height, width and 11-20 yrs in depth and volume.Conclusion: These results will be helpful in understanding normal and pathological conditions of the maxillarysinuses and useful in clinical planning of medical or surgical interventions of the maxillary sinuses
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Introduction: The unimpeded forward flow of blood across the mitral orifice depends upon a coordinatedinteraction between the mitral annulus, leaflets, chordae tendinae & papillary muscle. Knowledge about thenormal anatomy of mitral valve annular morphometry is important for assessing the valve pathologies and alsoin valve replacement surgery for a deceased valveMaterials and methods: 50 heart of embalmed adult human cadaver of both sex aged between 20-70 years weretaken from the department of anatomy, VIMS & RC. Parameters measured were annular diameter, circumference,area of mitral valve by using vernier caliper, measuring scale, cotton thread & magnifying lens.Results: In the present study mean value of mitral valve were, circumference of mitral valve was 8.19±1.01cm inmales, 7.76±0.99 cms in females, diameter was 3.10±0.40 cm in males & 3.26±0.48 cm in females, area of mitralvalve was 5.45±1.34 cm2in males & 4.89±1.20 cm2 in females. All the parameters of mitral valve annulus likecircumference, diameter & area of valve was more in males except in females the diameter was more. There wasno significant difference between male & female values of mitral valve annulus.Conclusion: Knowledge of normal measurements of the component parts of the mitral valve is essential for thesurgeon during operation to assess the exact mechanical reason for valve insufficiency & in development &manufacture of prostheses for valvuloplasty
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Introduction: It is the most superficial of the adductor group of muscles. Gracilis muscle is used oftenly inreconstructive plastic surgery,because ofits reliable vascular and neurological pedicles and the minimal donorsite morbidity.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 cadaveric lower limbs (22 males and 18 females)in the Deptartment of Anatomy of VIMS&RC.Metrical and non-metrical characteristics of gracilis muscle andvascular pedicles were analyzed.Results: All the parameter were more in males compared to females. distal tendon length was more than proximaltendon length. P value was significant in all the measurements. The ratios between various components ofmuscle remain fairly constant. Main vascular primary pedicle was arising from profund femoral artery in 60 %& 40% from Medial circumflex femoral artery .Presence of proximal secondary pedicle was only in 30% of thespecimens arising from profunda femoral artery or Medial circumflex femoral artery. Distal secondary pediclesarising from 5% of femoral artery.Conclusion: These parameters will help the reconstructive surgeon in assessing the length of muscle belly ortendon available for reparative procedures before undertaking surgery like Anterior Cruciate Ligament graft,Restoration of sphincteric function in anogenital area, Repair of ano-vaginal or recto-vaginal fistulas, Facialrehabilitation, Upper limb and lower limb defects, Groin wounds and autologous breast reconstruction.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Knowledge of anatomical variations of the great vessels of the abdomen, including the coeliac trunk, is important for clinicians planning surgical intervention and radiological imaging. The present study aimed to record the prevalence of variations in the vascular pattern of branches of the coeliac trunk in cadavers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 50 properly embalmed and formalin-fixed cadavers from the Indian population were selected for the study. Dissection included surgical incision, followed by mobilisation of the anatomical viscera, to observe and record the branching pattern of the coeliac trunk.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries were found to arise from the coeliac trunk in 86% of cadavers. In 76% of cadavers, the origin of the gastric artery was proximal to the bifurcation of the coeliac trunk into the common hepatic and splenic arteries. In one case, all three branches arose directly from the abdominal aorta, and the origin of the splenic artery was 1 cm distal to the origin of the left gastric and common hepatic arteries. In another case, the common hepatic and left gastric arteries arose from the coeliac trunk, and the origin of the splenic artery was 1.5 cm distal to the abdominal aorta.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Vessel ligation and anastomosis are important in surgical procedures like liver transplantation, and background knowledge of the different vascular patterns of branches of the coeliac trunk is vital. The findings of our study could help to minimise complications related to abdominal surgery, including bleeding and necrosis, and facilitate better and more accurate radiological interpretations.</p>