Histological study on the human gubernaculums in descended and undescended testis

The gubernaculum is a fibrous cord connecting the caudal pole of the testis with the scrotum. The regression of the extra-abdominal part of the gubernaculum in prenatal and early stage of postnatal life plays an integral role in testicular descent. Researchers claim that the undescended testis is a condition caused by failure of the gubernaculum to function, particularly in infants suffering from neuromuscular diseases and myopathies. To provide more information on the role of the gubernaculum in testicular descent, the structure of the gubernaculum was examined in cases of descended and undescended testis. The study was performed at both the light and electron microscopic levels. The gubernaculum biopsies were taken from 20 children with undescended testis, the control biopsies were obtained from 5 children [3 and 5 years old] who suffered from inguinal hernia but with descended testis. The specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. The histological examination revealed that the gubernaculum in 75% of undescended testis contained large amount of fat cells, a small amount of collagen fibers, and wide interstitial spaces, compared to the control group. The results suggest that the lack of testicular descent is probably caused by loss of retractibility of the gubernaculum

postero-anterior cephalometric study of dentofacial structures of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

The study of post-natal facial changes is one of the most important avenues of research in the craniofacial growth and development of cleft patients. The dentofacial structures of 60 surgically treated patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate UCLP, 30 males, and 30 females have been studied by means of postereo-anterior cephalometric analysis from the age of three to eight years. Comparison of the dento-facial width dimensions of the cleft patients were made with a matched sample of 60 non cleft controls having normal occlusion and pleasing facial ethetics. Eight linear ratios were incorporated for studing dimensional relationships of various skeletal breadths, and two angular measurements were used for evaluating incisor mid-point deviation. Comparison of the variables of the cleft group was made with the normal dimensions for the corresponding age. The results indicated that, UCLP group presented characteristic and significant difference from the normal group in the dimensions of the nasal width, the skeletal base of the maxilla, the maxillary intermolar width, the deviation of the maxillary central incisor midpoint, and the intergonial width of the mandible during all ages. The results of this study can help the orthodontists to make an adequate diagnosis and to carry out a treatment planning to produce more pleasing ethetics results for the UCLP patients

Shear bond strength of fluoridated and non-fluoridated orthodontic adhesives

The aim of this study was directed to evaluate the effect of fluoridated orthodontic adhesive on the shear bond strength in comparison to non-fluoridated no-mix adhesive. Three different orthodontic adhesives [no-mix non-fluoridated, glass ionomer and fluoridated no-mix] were used in this study. The samples consisted of 60 freshly extracted premolar teeth divided into three groups according to type of adhesive used. The shear bond strength was measured for each group. From the results of this study it could be conclude that the low shear bond strength of fluoridated composite resin may be related to the high amount of fluoride ion exchange which weaken the resin. The light cure glass ionomer orthodontic adhesive has reasonable shear bond strength to be used as orthodontic adhesive

Synthesis of certain phthalazine derivatives of 1,3,4oxadiazoles and s-Triazolothiadiazines of possible antimicrobial activities

Reaction of 4-[5-mercapto-1,2,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl]-1 [2H]- phthalazione [2] with the appropriate halogeno compounds afforded the corresponding thiothers [3]. However, with increased amounts of the halo-compound and increased reflux time, afforded 2-substituted-4-[5- substituted-thio-1,2,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl]-1 [2H]-phthalazinone [4]. Cyclization of the aroylmethyl thioethers [3 14, 15, 16] with hydrazine hydrate afforded the respective triazolothiadiazines [5]. Four of the prepared new compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity

Synthesis and biological activity of some novel triazolothiadzines

Some novel s-triazolo [3, 4b] 1,3,4-thiadiazines [II] and [IV] were synthesized via the reaction between 3-substitued 4-amino-5-mercapto s-triazoles [I] and the appropriate phenacyl bromides or ethyl chloroacetate, respectively. Identification of the new compounds was substantiated by element analysis, IR and NMR spectral data. Compounds IIa-k were tested for their antimicrobial activity and IVa-d for their anti-inflammatory activity