relationship between fertility rate and socio-economic development

Population growth and the level of fertility and the relationship between them and socio-economic development in different countries, especially in developing countries, are the major interests of today's sociologists and demographists, in particular the case of Iran. In this article, the combination of two methods, Literature Review and further Analysis, were applied, and population data and statistics were gathered from UNPF, UNICEF, World Bank, the relationship between the variables were analyzed using SPSS. Research findings show that higher the level of development, the lower the level of fertility, and population growth. The best pill for contraception is economic development. The relationship between the development and fertility rate is reversal, it means that, in world's deprived regions, with the same level as Iran, and in country's provinces, this relationship is so obvious

Quantitative assessment of cardiac function in children with beta-thalassemia major, using the doppler myocardial performance index

Introduction: Cardiac disease and early death due to my ocardial injuries because of Iron overload and hemosiderosis are still the major problems in the management of patients with beta-thalassemia major [BTM]. Valuable echocardiographic techniques have been limited in early detection of cardiac dysfunction in these patients. A new Doppler index combining systolic and diastolic time intervals [the Tei index] has been reported to be useful for assessment of global ventricular function in many cardiac diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess global ventricular function in children with BTM using Tei index and also to determine its correlation with hematologic parameters

Material and Methods: This analytic cross sectional study was performed on 59 patient with Beta-Thalassemia Major during Jan.2003 until Feb.2004 in hematologic clinics of Imam Reza and Dr. Sheikh Hospitals. Complete physical examination and Doppler Echocardiographic study was done for all the patients and patients' Tei indexes were compared with normal values in other studies statistically

Results: The mean Tei index of left ventricule [LV] and right ventricule [RV] was 0.35 +/- 0.11 [mean +/- SD] and 0.28 +/- 0.12 [mean +/- SD] respectively. There was a significant difference between both right and left ventricular Tei index in-patients with BTM and healthy children. There was also a significant correlation between mean blood transfused volume per year and Tei index in both right [PV70.05] and left ventricule [PV 70.05]. We also find a significant difference between two groups of thalassemic patients according to their mean pre-transfused Hgb per year [Hgb> 9 g/dl and Hgb>9 g/lit] for left ventricular Tei index

Conclusion: The Tei index is a simple, feasible and reproducible measure of global cardiac function in-patients with BTM with early Myocardial dysfunction