[Renal tubular function in children suffering from iron deficiency anemia]

Background: iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent blood disease during infancy and childhood and iron deficiency even in the absence anemia could negatively impress the growth and development. Iron deficiency anemia causes the destruction of proximal tubules and extension of peritubular space, especially in the cortex of kidneys. Hypoxia is assumed as the main cause of these changes. According to some studies, treatment with supplemental iron has led to renal function reach it's normal level. We planned our study to to investigate the tubular function in children suffering from iron deficiency anemia in Mofid Children's Hospital

Material and Methods: we performed our descriptive cross sectional study on the children admitted in Mofid Children's Hospital for any reason and the same time suffering from iron deficiency anemia. Via continuous visits and census, 60 children aging between 3-60 month who met inclusion criteria, entered the study and investigated for probable defects in tubular reabsorption of Na,K,Ca, Phos and proteins. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 11

Results: 52[87%] patients who entered the study had at least one indicator of tubular dysfunction. While the most common tubulopathy was protein losing [65%], the most uncommon was impaired reabsorption of k+ [p<0.05].Among criterias for iron deficiency anemia, total iron binding capacity[TIBC] was higher in all patients with at least one tubular dysfunction in comparison with patients without such an impairment. The difference between groups was statically significant for defects in reabsorption of Na+, K+ and Phos. ions. Tubular protein losing was more prevalent in younger patients and defects in reabsorption of K+ ion, was more common in patients with lower weight

Conclusions: according to high prevalence rate of tubular dysfunctions among those children suffering from iron deficiency anemia and lower age and weight of these patients; to avoid renal dysfunctions, it is reasonable to start the treatment as soon as possible

[ effect of loose tightening of drains on the infection rate]

Background: Infection has always been one of the major complications of surgical procedures and drains have been used to reduce the rate of post operative infections in spite of the fact that their efficacy is under question. In this study, we tried to investigate the role of a loose tightened drain to reduce the infection rate in comparison with an ordinary used drain and no use of drain

Materials and methods: In this experimental study, the role of loose tightening of drain on infection was investigated trough usage of blood agar plates, prospectively. Firstly, blood agar plates were prepared according to strict methods to guaranty sterility. Then, the plates were randomized into three groups in operating room and the drains were inserted into the plates while another surgical operation was being performed in the same place. The plates then were incubated for 3-5 days and the subsequent results were gathered and being analyzed using SPSS-10

Results: Among total of 585 cases being investigated, 4 positive cultures were -out of 197-in tightened drain group and 4 positive ones-out of 194-cases in ordinary placed drain group, while 10 positive ones in no-drain group were found. There was no significant difference between both two control groups [P=0.102]. Also, no significant difference was found between drain groups and no-drain group [P=O.122]. Among cases tested after 72 hour incubation, the rate of infection was zero but this ratio was 2 out of 88, and 4 out of 88 in ordinary drain group and in tightened drain group respectively. There were no significant differences among groups of 72 hour incubation. Among cases incubated for 5 days, in tightened drain group [109 cases] no growth was found and in ordinary drain group [106 cases] 2 positive cultures were reported, while no growth was found in no-drain group. There was significant difference among all 3 groups [P=0.001], while no significant difference was found among ordinary drain group and tightened drain group [P=0.242]

Conclusions: According to increased rate of infection in no-drain group incubated for 5 days, the role of incubation time in occurrence of clony growth is clearly proven. It also seems that statistically significant reduction in the growth of microorganisms in the groups with drain recommends the usage of drains in the surgical sites that hematoma formation is probable. According to researchers' idea, the reduction in the rate of infection to zero in tightened drains incubated for 5 days although not significant, it can state the role of tightening of drains in decreasing the rate of infection

effect of loose tightening of drains on the infection rate

Infection has always been one of the major complications of surgical procedures and drains have been used to reduce the rate of post operative infections in spite of the fact that their efficacy is under question. In this study, we tried to investigate the role of a loose tightened drain to reduce the infection rate in comparison with an ordinary used drain and no use of drain. In this experimental study, the role of loose tightening of drain on infection was investigated through usage of blood agar plates, prospectively. Firstly, blood agar plates were prepared according to strict methods to guaranty sterility. Then, the plates were randomized into three groups in operating room and the drains were inserted into the plates while another surgical operation was being performed in the same place. The plates then were incubated for 3-5 days and the subsequent results were gathered and being analyzed using SPSS-10. Among total of 585 cases being investigated, 4 positive cultures were out of 197-in tightened drain group and 4 positive ones-out of 194-cases in ordinary placed drain group, while 10 positive ones in no-drain group were found. There was no significant difference between both two control groups [P=0.102]. Also, no significant difference was found between drain groups and no-drain group [P=0.122]. Among cases tested after 72 hour incubation, the rate of infection was zero but this ratio was 2 out of 88, and 4 out of 88 in ordinary drain group and in tightened drain group respectively. There were no significant differences among groups of 72 hour incubation. Among cases incubated for 5 days, in tightened drain group [109 cases] no growth was found and in ordinary drain group [106 cases] 2 positive cultures were reported, while no growth was found in no-drain group. There was significant difference among all 3 groups [P=0.001], while no significant difference was found among ordinary drain group and tightened drain group [P=0.242]. According to increased rate of infection in no-drain group incubated for 5 days, the role of incubation time in occurrence of colory growth is clearly proven. It also seems that statistically significant reduction the growth of microorganisms in the groups with drain recommends the usage of drains in the surgical sites that hematoma formation is probable. According to researchers' idea, the reduction in the rate of infection to zero in tightened drains incubated for 5 days although not significant, it can state the role of tightening of drains in decreasing the rate of infection