[ association of vitamin D receptor gene BsmI polymorphism with multiple sclerosis in Iranian patients]

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25 [OH] 2 D 3], the biologically active form of vitamin D, exerts an immunosuppressive effect through binding to its specific nuclear receptor. The present case-control study was done to examine the possible association of BsmI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene [VDR gene] with severity of multiple sclerosis [MS]. 267 Iranian patients with MS and 292 ethnically and sex matched controls were included in this study. BsmI polymorphism in VDR gene was assessed by PCR-RFLP method. No differences in the allelic distribution were observed in the patients as compared to the controls. Also no difference in genotype distribution of VDR-BsmI polymorphism was observed between patients and controls [p=0.43]. Considering the significance of vitamin D 3 as an immune system regulator and its inhibitory effects on MS, investigation on other VDR gene polymorphisms is recommended

[To understand the effective studying between Ardabil city university students in 2006 year]

Nowadays, by developing of the science and to increase the scientific Issues in all fields, can to see that the academic success in universities is resulted from effective trying, right study and time management. One the unsuccessful causes in some students is not to know the studying ways and its related skills. This study has been done in this case. This descriptive study has been done on 686 persons of Ardabil city students. Its measuring tools is the self-constructed questionnaire in two parts the first part includes of; specifications, of personal and social, study duration, and the second part contains the questions about to understand the effective study. Random sampling was selected for students of any universities. The collected data analyzed by spss soft ware by using analytical and descriptive statistics. Age mean between students was 21.51 +/- 21.65 and studying duration was 1.43 +/- 0.43 days. Only 15.59% of them had regular study in academic term. The most important of the study drawbacks were lack of sufficient motive, [44.36%] and unconfidence to future job [30.47%]only 16.03% student that they have a regular program for studying and learning. 33.09 of students had good understanding, 58.1 mean and 8.75% weak ones related to the sufficient study. The understanding rate of students residing in city districts and state universities was more than rural areas and Azad universities and this difference was significant statistically.[p<0.05]. This investigation indicates that many student have middle understanding on the sufficient study. Then, to recognize the study way and its education in the beginning of the university studying is necessary

[ survey on respect rate for patent's territory in Ardabil hospitals in 2002]

Introduction: Among significant factors which, cause the satisfaction of hospitalized Patients are the care and respect which should be regarded within confines of the patient's rights and virtual limits by the health care providers. The present study has been carried out in order to determine the rate of respect of the health care providers towards the rights and spherical limits

Methods: to tins goal, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the patients' point of view was completed for 285 of the patient and the collected data were analyzed making use of the statistical description and x2

Results : The finding showed that although the patients' did not mention their satisfaction concerning some criteria investigated, but the scores were not so that to be judged as not satisfactory. %53.7 of patients believed that their rights were respected by health care providers as "often". There was a significant between education and patient's rights and territory

Discussion: ultimately, the research findings can have some uses in nursing services, administration, education and research

[Low back pain prevalence rate among working nurses in Ardabil hospitals in 2002]

Introduction: Low back pain is an acute and chronic trauma making physical restriction for people. Nurses suffer from that two folds more than ordinary people and lose more working days. This survey has been done to determine prevalence of low back pain among nurses and its relationship with some of the demographic factors

Methods: This survey is a cross-sectional study and the samples included working nurses in Ardabil haspitals. Data collecting was done by use of arranged questionnaires. The low back pain criterion was self-expression of pain during one week before interview. X[2] test was used to investigate the association between personal factors and low back pain prevalence

Results: Findings showed that the prevalence of low back pain in the studied nurses was %64.5. The most prevalence was related to group working less than 3 years [68.3%] and in the female [73.8%] more than male [46.3%]. Single individuals had the lowest low back pain prevalence [36.4%]. The low back pain prevalence in the persons lifting things wrongly was 83.7% and there was a significant association between lifting things method and low back pain [P< 0.05]. Similarly, low back pain in nurses of pediatric wards [82.4%] and Intensive wards [75%] was more than other wards and statistically was significant [P<0.05]. The mean of work time of the injured Individuals was less than non injured [P<0.05]. Low back pain Prevalence in the nurses working at night compared with working in the morning was more [76.8% against 48.1%] and this difference was significant [P<0.05]

Discussion: With attention to the high prevalence of nurses' low back pain [64.5%], it is recommended how to protect and to take care of patients with regard to body biomechanics procedure. Correct method of patients' displacement should be taught in the ward