Dental radiographic findings of malignant osteopetrosis: report of four cases

Osteopetrosis is a rare skeletal disorder that results from a defect in the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. The lack of normally functioning osteoclasts results in abnormal formation of the primary skeleton and a generalized increase in the bone mass. This disorder is inherited as an autosomal recessive [osteopetrosis congenita] and an autosomal dominant trait [osteopetrosis tarda]. In this article, we report four cases of malignant osteopetrosis and describe the clinical and dental radiographic findings associated with this rare disease

comarative evaluation of sonourethrography versus urethrography with intraoperative findings in urethral phatologies prospective study

Purpose: To evaluate stricture and disruption of the male urethra with the help of sonography and to evaluate the efficacy of Sonourethrography [S.U.G.] and up and down Sonourethrography as compared to conventional radiographic procedures as retrograde urethrography [RUG] and up and down urethrography

Material and Methods: In the period of 25 months, we evaluated 35 patients [31 patients with urethral strictures and 4 patients with urethral disruption] with urethrography and S.U.G. Age of the patients varied between 12-85 years [mean 39 y]. We analyzed stricture length, depth of spongiofibrosis, urethral defect, and satisfaction and compared the results. We also analyzed the results of imaging with urethroscopic and surgical results

Results: The depths of spongiofibrosis concluded grade A in one [3.2%], grade Bin 12 [37.8%], grade C in 11 [35.4%], grade D in 2 [6.4%] and grade E in 2 [6.4%]. Spongiofibrosis wasn't valuable in 3 [9.6%] patients. The length of the stricture was better demonstrated by sonography [p= 0.000]. We didn't find important differences concerning results of up and down Sonourethrography and up and down urethrography in patients with urethral disruption [p= 0.18]. Patients were more satisfied from sonographic study than urethrography [p=0.000]

Conclusion: S.U.G. is a simple and available procedure without radiation exposure S.U.G. is more sensitive in defining the length and the depth of strictures. Grade B was the most common from of spongiofibrosis in our study. Patients were more satisfied from sonographic study than urethrography. Up and down Sonourethrography could be helpful in defining the length of defect in urethral disruption

[Incidence of ultrasonographically-detected thyroid nodules in persons between 10-70 years with no previous thyroid disease]

Objectives: thyroid nodules are common in the general population and constitute a common clinical problem. As Thyroid cancer is rare, it is important to know the prevalence of thyroid nodules in cohorts strongly predisposes to this problem to be able to measure its impact on the health care system, and to devise appropriate diagnostic strategies

Methods: we studied the incidence of thyroid nodules in 318 persons. [10 to 70 Years old], who had no history of thyroid disease, in Ghaem Hospital and two private hospitals in Mashhad. Subjects with any previous thyroid disease or radiation were excluded. Examination was performed in supine position and using a 7.5-MHz real-time sonographic scanner. Of 318 persons included in the study, 57 had nodules [17.9%], in thirty subjects [9.4%] only one nodule was found; 17[5.3%] had two nodules and 10[3.1%] had three or more nodules. Most nodules [54.9%] were hypoechoic

Conclusions: thyroid nodules are very common in women 40 years old or older and there was significant difference in the incidence of thyroid nodules detected by ultrasonography between men and women, specially 40-60 years of age