[Study of medical errors status and its necessity of education from view point of Lorestan general practitioners]

Medical errors are among the main problems of health and treatment in the world which are responsible for mortality and psychophysical complications in patients, families, and even in the society each year. Medical errors have been increasingly taken into consideration in different countries. Different strategies have been explored to prevent medical errors, one of which is undergraduates education. The aime of this research is to study the current status and the necessity of medical errors education as one of the curricula from viewpoint of general practitioners in Lorestan province graduated from different universities. A questionnaire was designed and distributed among 200 GPs in Lorestan province to be completed, then data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the survey indicated that 90% of the GPs have not been taught any courses entitled medical error prevention. Moreover, 64% had committed medical errors before graduation, out of which 47.5% had been diagnostic errors. Additionally, 60% has committed medical errors after graduation, out of which 51% has been errors in disease diagnosis. 72.5% of them stated that have not taken any education about medical errors after graduation, 88.5% considered medical error prevention education as essential, and 40% believed that the education have to be restricted to diagnostic errors. Regarding the results of the present study and the importance of the topic, teaching medical error prevention as separate credits is highly recommended for medical students, as well as GPs need to be taught related education

[Comparative study of adverse effects of Olanzapine and Risperidone on blood sugar, lipid and other side effects in psychotic disorders]

Chronic mental disorders are among the problems in psychiatrics. Atypical anti psychotic drugs are new effective medications to treat these disorders. Unfortunately these drugs lead to side effects such as increase in blood glocuse, weight gain and edema. This study aims to investigate adverse effects of Olanzapine and Rispridone on lipid level and blood glocuse and other complications in patients with psychotic disorders. This clinical trial-double blinded study, patients with psychotic disorders were randomly categorized into two groups. Group one treated with Olanzapine and other with Rispridone. All the subjects were initially assessed for blood sugar and lipids, and in the case of normal, they were randomly assigned to two groups in a double- blinded method to be treated with Olanzapine or Risperidone. Blood sugar and lipids tests were performed for all subjects at the 1st week and 3 months after initiation of therapy. Other complications were assessed too, then the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study indicated that the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar rose significantly at the 1st week and third month after beginning the treatment. Increase of cholesterol and triglyceride in the Olanzapine and Risperidone groups was significant, while blood sugar level showed no significant difference in these two groups. Other side effects including restlessness, impotence, weight again, edema and drowsiness were significantly different between the two groups. Based on the findings of this study and the emphasis of other related studies on the metabolic changes of the body resulting from atypical antipsychotic drugs, it is suggested that these drugs should be prescribed for high risk patients with great care and cautions

Effect of Satureja Khuzestanica on blood coagulation activity in rats

Satureja Khuzestanica is an endemic plant of Iran widely distributed in the southern part of the country. This plant is famous for its medical applications as an analgesic and antiseptic in folk medicine. To investigate the effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of Satureja Khuzestanica on hemostasis and body weight in vivo. This research was an experimental study carried out in Lorestan Medicinal Herbs Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoram-abad, Iran. Thirty six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. An equivalent of 50 mg of aqueous extract of Satureja Khuzestanica/kg was orally administered. For two weeks the rats in group 1 and 2 received an equal amount of extract once and three times a day, respectively. Control group received only pure water. Animals' weights were measured every day. Following two weeks, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT] were determined. Data were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] followed by the Tukey multiple comparison tests. As compared to control, the administration of aqueous extract of Satureja Khuzestanica as 3 separate dose/day resulted in a significant prolongation of APTT by 20.7% [p<0.001], PT by 15.7% [p<0.05] and a reduction of body weight by% 9.24 [p<0.001] after 2 weeks. Regarding our data, it seems that the aqueous extract of Satureja Khuzestanica induced some changes in coagulation activity shown by increased values for APTT and PT. Loss of body weight in rats was also observed when the extract administered three times a day

[ effect of Satureja khuzestanica on triglyceride, glucose, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase activity in rat]

Satureja khuzestanica is a native plant of Iran that is widely distributed in the southern part of the country. In traditional medicine, it is used as analgesic and antiseptic. The previous studies showed that Satureja khuzestanica caused weight loss. Then the present study was designed to find the effect of Satureja khuzestanica on food intake, glucose, lipid factors, protein and electrolytes. In three groups, 75, 150 and 250 mg/kg/day of extract of Satureja khuzestanica were orally administered for three weeks. In the fourth group essential oil of Satureja khuzestanica [1000 ppm] was administered in drinking water for three week. The control group received tap water. Animals were weighted and food intake was recorded. After three weeks, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar [FBS], creatinine, potassium, BUN [Blood Urea Nitrogen], urea and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] were measured. Serum triglyceride level [43.15 +/- 3.92 mg/dl] in essential oil group was significantly [P<0.001] lower compared to that [89.99 +/- 8.03mg/dl] of the control group. FBS [117.86 +/- 8.5 mg/dl] of group 3 and essential oil group [97.22 +/- 7.1 mg/dl] were significantly [P<0.001] different from that [165.97 +/- 15.91 mg/dl] of the control group. Food intake in 3 weeks decreased in the group 3 [80.87 +/- 3.5 gr] and increased in the essential oil group [101.45 +/- 7.9 gr] when compared to that [88.91 +/- 3.9 gr, P<0.001] of the control group. Satureja khuzestanica induced a decrease in serum creatinine level in the extract and essential oil groups [P<0.001]. ALP in the essential oil group was significantly [P<0.001] decreased compared to the control group. No significant changes were observed for other factors. The aqueous extract and essential oil of Satureja khuzestanica induced a reduction in the serum glucose and triglyceride levels and improved renal function with lowering serum creatinine. They also improved the liver function via decreasing liver enzyme activity in rat