ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The exact mechanisms of morphine dependence and withdrawal syndrome remain unclear. Many studies have been performed to find agents with low dependency in order to decrease withdrawal symptoms. On the other hand studies have shown the anticonvulsant and sedative effects of Jasminum sambac. The traditional use of this plant has shown its analgesic, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, sedative, and antispasmodic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac on morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats
Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats with weight range of 225 - 275 g were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats. In order to induce dependency, additive doses of morphine were injected subcutaneously for 13 days. On the 13[th] day, after the last dose of morphine, intraperitoneal saline injection [1 ml/kg:] was given to the morphine-saline group. We gave intraperitoneal injections of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac to the three treatment groups respectively. Thirty minutes later, intraperitoneal injections of naloxone [4 mg/kg] was given to the treatment groups and the withdrawal symptoms including: jumping, rearing, genital grooming, abdominal writhing, wet dog shake and weight loss were recorded for 60 minutes
Results: Results of this study showed that 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac significantly reduced the number of jumping and at all doses reduced rearing and genital grooming in the treatment groups compared to those in the morphine-saline group [P<0.01 and P<0.001]. In addition, hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac decreased total withdrawal scores at all used doses
Conclusion: We found that hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac was effective in decreasing the symptoms of morphine withdrawal symptoms. This effect is probably attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Mental health is one of the most important factors which can affect all aspects of human life. One of the questionnaires to screen the non-psychotic disorders is the general health questionnaire [GHQ]
This meta-analysis study aims to investigate the psychological disorders by using general health questionnaire [GHQ] in Iranian university students
Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, MAG Iran, Iranmedex, Medlib, SID and ISI data bases for GHQ, psychotic disorders and students as main key words
In order to assess homogeneity and publication bias we used I2 index and Egger test. CMA 2.0 software was used for data analysis
Results: We found 77 studies performed between 1991 and 2015 which included 44162 students. By using random models, we found a prevalence rate of 33% [95% CI: 0.295, 0.371] for mental disorders among Iranian students which showed an increasing trend [p<0.01]
Conclusion: In this study we found a high prevalence rate of mental disorders with an increasing trend in the Iranian students
ABSTRACT
This study aimed on determining the delay in development of teeth and the sequence of eruption of permanent teeth in children with Down's syndrome to aid in planning a preventive and interceptive program for such children, so a group of mentally retarded children were examined clinically, and the mean eruption time was registered in addition to missing teeth. It was concluded that there was a significant delay in the eruption and development of teeth with a high percentage of missing teeth compared to normal children that was related to the delay in crown calcification and root formation in such specific patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Persons with Mental Disabilities , Child , Dentition, Permanent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Down SyndromeABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to determine variability of anteroposterior dental arch relationship in orthodontic patients and type of treatment used. A group of pretreated orthodontic patients were examined clinically for the classification of malocclusion [the anteroposterior relationship] according to Angles classification and type of treatment needed in a group of 1550 patient. The results showed that there was no significant differences in anteroposterior relationship according to gender and there was a decrease in rate of class I, and an increase in class II both divisions and thus an increase in the severity of malocclusion during the last decade and a need for more complicated orthodontic procedures