ABSTRACT
There is little information about blood supply of the carpal joint in one- humped camel, while there is extensive data about cow and equine species. In order to perform surgeries and diagnostic techniques in carpal region, information about the elements of the joint such as its arteries is necessary. This study aims at describing the origins, arrangements, and branches of the arterial supply of the carpal joint of the adult one-humped camel [Camelus dromedaries]. Twelve left forelimbs of camelus Dromedrus without any lameness history were divided into 3 equal groups randomly. The brachial artery, before the elbow joint, was injected with warm water containing red gelatin, red latex solution, and rodopas resin solution separately; then, the arterial supply of the carpal joint was studied. The results showed that the radial, median, and caudal interosseous arteries and their branches supplied the carpal joint. [Supplied the carpal joint] Our findings showed that radial artery and its branches such as dorsal and palmar carpal branches were the most important arteries that supply the carpal joint. Median and caudal interosseous arteries support supplying this joint too but the arterial branches supplying the carpal joint in the Bactrian camel are from the radial artery and dorsal interosseous ante-brachium branches. In the cow, the common interosseous, median, collateral ulnar and radial arteries give off branches to supply the carpal joint while common interosseous, median, transverse cubital and radial arteries give off branches to supply the this joint in the horse
ABSTRACT
Staphylococcal food poisoning does not result from the ingestion of S. aureus per se, but rather from enterotoxins which are pre-formed within the food. There is no report on effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on enterotoxin production by this microorganism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on enterotoxin production by S. aureus. This study was done as a factorial model using different concentrations of EO [0, 0.005, 0.015 and 0.03%].The bacterial growth was evaluated during 43 days of incubation and enterotoxin production was analyzed using a enterotoxin assay kit. The growth of the organism was completely inhibited by the EO=0.03%. Enterotoxin production was not affected by sub-inhibitory concentration of EO at level of 0.005%, while it was significantly [p < 0.05] inhibited by increasing subinhibitory concentration of EO to 0.015%. The adverse effect of sub-inhibitory concentration of Zataria multiflora Boiss. EO on enterotoxin production by S. aureus, demonstrated in this study, suggests the potential application of this EO as a natural antimicrobial in foods
Subject(s)
Enterotoxins/biosynthesis , Oils, Volatile , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacterial ToxinsABSTRACT
Sheep as an experimental animal has been used in many veterinary researches. The developmental study of the ovine cervicothoracic ganglion in the fetal stages will reveal the anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system in the adult sheep and morphological and morphometrical relation between this ganglion and surrounding structures. The aim of this research was to follow morphological and morphometrical development of cervicothoracic ganglion in sheep during fetal stages and its relation to the body sides and sex. This study was performed on 18 ovine fetuses. The approximate age of fetnses were 11 to 16 weeks and were divided in 3 groups. Coalescence of the caudal cervical ganglion and few primary ganglia of the thoracic part of sympathetic trunk were morphologically studied. In Morphometrical studies, the length and width of the ganglia were measured. The results were statistically analyzed using 1-way ANOVA. The caudal cervical and first thoracic ganglia were the most frequent cervicothoracic ganglion. Variations in the length and width of ganglia between 11 to 16 weeks were not significant [p > 0.05], but with increasing of age interval become significant [p < 0.05]. There were not any correlation between length of ganglia and side of body and sex [p> 0.05]. The results of this study can be useful for evaluation of developmental and cell changes in neuropeptides of the sympathetic ganglia especially cervicothoracic ganglion
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/embryology , Fetal Development , Image CytometryABSTRACT
To study the effect of zataria multi flora Boiss essential oil, acetic acid, temperature and storage time on probable growth of salmonella typhimurium in brain heart infusion broth. Multiple factorial analysis of bacterial growth. Salmonella typhimurium. Log probability percentage [Log P%] for growth of salmonella typhimurium was investigated in Brain Heart Infusion [BHI] broth in response to different concentration of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil [0.0. 0.03 and 0.06%] and acetic acid [pH, 7.4 and 6] during 43 days storage at three temperature [35,25 and 15 [degree sign] C]. The log P% of S. typhimurium was affected significantly [P<0.05] by different concentrations of essential oil, pH levels, storage temperature and their interaction. The Log P% of S. typhimurium in BHI broth [pH, 7.4] with 0% essential oil at 35, 25 and 15 [degree sign] C were 1.07, 1.07 and 0.41, respectively. This log P% in response to 0.03 and 0.06% essential oils were -2.93, -3.24 and -4.23, and -4.23, -4.23 and -4.23, respectively. The Log P% of S. typhimurium in BHI broth [pH, 6] with 0% essential oil at 35, 25 and 15 [degree sign] C were 2, 0.76 and 1.41, respectively. This Logp% in response to 0.03 and 0.06% essential oils were -1.93, -2.59 and -4.23, and -4.93, -4.93 and -4.93, respectively. At recent conditions, growth has been completely suppressed. Based on the results of this study, Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil can be used as a growth inhibitor for salmonella in food products
ABSTRACT
The growing interest in the substitution of chemical food preservatives, both antimicrobials and antioxidants, by natural ones has fostered research on the vegetable source and screening of plant extracts and essential oils in order to identify acceptable natural alternatives. In this study, log probability percentage [Log P%] of growth of Salmonella typhimurium in Brain Heart Infusion [BHI] broth as affected by different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil [0.0, 0.03 and 0.06%] during 21 days storage at three temperatures [35, 25 and 15[degree]C] was investigated. The Log P% of S. typhimurium was affected significantly [P < 0.05] by different concentrations of the essential oil. The Log P% of S. typhimurium in BHI broth with 0% essential oil at 35, 25 and 15[degree]C were 1.07, 1.07 and 0.41 respectively. While in BHI broth with 0.03 and 0.06% essential oils were -2.93, -3.24 and -4.23 and -4.23, -4.23 and -4.23 respectively. According to the results, the Log P% of growth of S.typhimurium was decreased by increasing of the concentration of essential oil
ABSTRACT
The growing interest in the substitution of chemical food preservatives, both antimicrobials and antioxidants, by natural ones has fostered research on the vegetable source and screening of plant extracts and essential oils in order to identify acceptable natural alternatives. In this study, log probability percentage [Log P%] of growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Brain Heart Infusion [BHI] broth as affected by different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil [0.0, 0.03 and 0.06%] during 22 days storage at three temperatures [35, 25 and 15[degree]C] was investigated. The Log P% of S. aureus was affected significantly [p < 0.05] by different concentrations of the essential oil. The Log P% of S. aureus in BHI broth with 0% essential oil at 35, 25 and 15[degree]C were -0.89, 1.24 and 1.55 respectively. While in BHI broth with 0.03 and 0.06% essential oils were -0.45, 0.24 and -4.21 and -0.45, -0.45 and -4.45 respectively [strong inhibitory action]
ABSTRACT
The excessive use of chemical preservatives, many of which are suspect because of their potential carcinogenic and teratogenic attributes or residual toxicity, has resulted in increasing pressure on food manufacturers to substitute of them by natural ones e.g. plant essential oils. The study of the effects of plant essential oils on different growth kinetics of food borne pathogens or food spoilage microorganisms in different model systems is requested to establish the usefulness of them as a natural antimicrobial preservatives. In this study, lag phase of growth [Lag] of Staphylococcus aureus in Brain Heart Infusion [BHI] broth as affected by different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil [0.0, 0.03 and 0.06%] during 43 days storage at three temperatures [35, 25 and 15 degreeC] was investigated. The Lag of S. aureus affected significantly [p< 0.05] by different concentrations of the essential oil. The Lag of S. aureus in BHI broth with 0% essential oil at 35, 25 and 15?C were 7.25, 15.25 and 82 h respectively. While in BHI broth with 0.03 and 0.06% essential oils were 34.05, 94.8 h and 235.5 and 44.5, 110.5 and >1032 h respectively
ABSTRACT
More than three hundred vesicular glands of native Iranian bull in different ages were Collected. Their morphology, form, Position and relations to other organs were studied completely. Their weights and volumes were measured. Plastic solution of resin were injected through main excretory ducts of right and left glands and casts of ducts were produced. The vesicular glands are the largest of the accessory genital glands in the ruminants. They are paired and lies, cranial to the pelvic urethra. The glands were long and lobulated. Each glands have a long main excretory duct which is divided to several small branches in the lobules. The excretory duct joins the terminal part of the ampulla of ductus deferens. There were significant differences [P < 0.05] between aged groups in relation to length, width, weight and volumes. Glands of 4 to 5 years old bull have largest length and width. But glands of 10 years old bull have least dimentions. The symmetrical vesicular glands of the 4 to 5 years old bull have largest weight and volume. There were no significant, linear regression between means of length, width, weight and volumes of the glands by using student test