ABSTRACT
Burns are one of the factors that not only damage the skin but also are associated with bacterial infections. Immune suppression, delay in referring patients to hospital, length of stay in hospital, invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are of the most factors causing burn injuries to be exposed to multiple infections. The aim of current cross sectional analytic descriptive study was to investigate microbial agents that cause burn infections in patients hospitalized due to burns in Hospital of Ayatollah Mosavi in Zanjan, Iran [2010]. Seventy patients were selected randomly in this study. Data were collected as follow: a] Questionnaires which contained demographic information of the patients and information related to burns. B] Check list for recording burn- wound infection symptoms. C] A special sheet for recording burn wound culture results conducted through wound swabs. Wounds were observed daily and the presence and absence of signs of infection were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS and chisquare test. P<0.05 was considered significant. In 68.6% patients have found infections. The culture test showed that main microbial germ that causing wound infection was Pseudomonas. The wound results showed that there were a significant relationship between wound positive culture and the time patients referred to hospital and self-treatment before hospitalization. The most common cause of burns was fire [54.3%] and hot water [40%] respectively. Regarding the results of this study, pseudomonas was the main cause of wound infections. As it is resistance to most antibiotic treatments, there is a vital need for preventing the spread of infection in hospitalized patients
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Liver ischemia-reperfusion [IR] is one of the common consequences of liver surgery, especially during liver transplantation which results in organ dysfunction. Acute hepatic injury causes systematic inflammatory responses which may finally lead to functional disturbances in remote organs such as heart, lungs and kidneys. In this study, the effects of a potent inhibitor of inflammatory cytokines [pentoxyfilline, PTX] and a well known antioxidant, [N-acetylcysteine, NAC], was evaluated on renal functional damage and oxidative stress following liver IR
Method: Five groups of six male rats were used. Group one was sham operated. In group 2, 90 min liver partial ischemia was conducted by a clamp around hepatic artery and portal vein and followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. In group 3 and 4, PTX or NAC was injected intraperitoneally before the ischemia, while in group 5 both drugs were co-administered. The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, BUN and creatinine in serum as well as MDA and GSH levels in renal tissues were measured
Results: Significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, AST in IR group is indicative of liver functional damages comparing to sham operated rats. Elevated BUN levels and increased renal tissue MDA and decreased GSH levels in IR group demonstrates a significant kidney functional damage and oxidative stress comparing to sham group. Administration of PTX alone and PTX+NAC prevented the IR-induced increase in renal MDA levels. Administration of both drugs and their co-administration prevented the reduction in renal GSH levels
Conclusion: Pretreatment with PTX and NAC before liver IR induction may prevent renal oxidative stress by protection of cellular GSH concentration and a reduction in MDA levels