ABSTRACT
Summary Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) is a palm distributed in almost all the humid tropics at south America and Central America. The pupunha fruits are rich in starch, lipids and proteins. This crop presents a serious problem: after harveste the fruits are subject to the attack of black rot, caused by the fungus Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The fruit pulp becomes dark and smells as fermented In order to determine the spore concentration that induces black rot in pupunha, fruits with and without peduncle were inoculated with spore concentrations of 10 7 , 10 5 , 10 3 e 10' spores/ml. Fruits with peduncles were observed to require concentrations of 10 7 spores/ ml to attain 100% fruit infection. The fruits with seed showed greater sensibility to infection. In another trial the fungicides: Benomyl, Triadimefon, Zineb and Maneb, were tested in vitro at the concentrations of 25, 50, 75 e 100ppm in PDA medium (potato-Dextrose-Agar). Benomyl inhibited totally the growth of the fungus at all concentrations used. Triadimefon showed some efficiency at 100ppm, while Zineb and Maneb were inefficient at all concentrations tested.
Resumo Procurando determinar a concentração de esporos do fungo Thielaviopsis paradoxa agente etiológico de podridão negra em frutos de pupunha (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.), inocularam-se frutos com e sem pedúnculo nas concentrações de 10 7 , 20 5 , 10 3 , 10' esporos/ml. Observou-se que os frutos que apresentam pedúnculo necessitam de uma concentração de 10 7 esporos/ml para que 100% destes sejam infectados. Os que apresentaram pedúnculo e sementes foram mais sensíveis à infecção. No controle in vitro testaram-se os fungicidas Benomyl, Triadimefon, Zineb e Maneb a 25, 50, 75 e 100ppm em meio BDA. A melhor eficiência no controle de doença foi obtida com Benomyl em todas as concentrações estudadas, Triadimefon não foi eficiente a 100ppm e os demais fungicidas não controlaram o crescimento do fungo.
ABSTRACT
Summary This article presents the history of the institutional organizations responsable for the study of fruit genetic resources indigenous to the Amazon. The past and present priority lists of CPATU/EMBRAPA, FCAP, INPA/ CNPq, UEPAE/EMBRAPA, CNPMF/EMBRAPA, CEPLAC, CNPSD/EMBRAPA and EPACE are presented, together with the species lists of the germplasm collections and germplasm banks maintained by each institution, as well as discussion of each institution's immediate intentions for the expansion of these studies. Most of the species that appear in the priority list as indigenous to Amazonia are then considered with more detail, as well as several others with eventual economic potential. The uses of these fruits are mentioned and references are made in relation to the threat of genetic erosion faced by each species. The importance of Palmae germplasm is emphasized. General considerations are made about the status of efforts for collecting and conservation of these valuable genetic resources With special reference to the work of CENARGEN/EMBRAPA, about general and specific threats of genetic erosion in the region and some suggestions are made on the strategy for saving these genetic resources.
Resumo Este artigo reúne parte dos estudos com recursos genéticos das espécies frutíferas indígenas da Amazônia. Apresentam-se listas de prioridades históricas e atuais de cada instituição que se dedica à pesquisa com estas espécies, as listas das coleções e os bancos de germoplasma de cada instituição e suas possibilidades imediatas para expandir estas pesquisas. Apresentam-se algumas informações sobre diversas espécies prioritárias, comentários sobre o respectivo potencial económico e algumas considerações sobre a ameaça de erosão genética que cada uma enfrenta. Discute-se a situação atual da prospecção e conservação de germoplasma de espécies frutíferas nativas da região Amazônica e apresentam-se sugestões para conservação destes recursos genéticos.