Study Of Orbital Morphometry In Dry Skulls Of South Indian Origin

Introduction: The orbit is the cavity of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. Orbitaldimensions of skull vary in different races of mankind. Its dimensions are better understood by the knowledge ofthe orbital index. Normal values of orbital height, orbital width and orbital index are vital measurements inevaluation and diagnosis of craniofacial syndromes, interpretation of fossil records, skull classification inforensic medicine, anthropological investigation of unknown individuals for determining gender, ethnicity, etcand in exploring the trends in evolutionary and ethnic differencesMaterials and methods: It is a cross sectional study conducted on 100 adult dry human skulls available in theDepartment of Anatomy, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar. The orbital dimensions were measured with thehelp of Vernier caliper.Results: The mean orbital height for the right and left sides were 31.6 ± 1.8mm and 31.8 ± 1.8mm while, theirorbital width were 37.4 ± 2.1 and 37.2 ± 2.09 mm respectively. The mean orbital index was 84.49mm on right and85.48mm on left side, and can be classified as Mesoseme category.Conclusion: This study provides useful baseline orbital morphometric data of South Indian population, whichare very important during ophthalmological, plastic surgery, maxillofacial, reconstructive cosmetic surgeries offace and neurosurgeries and also in the forensic research.

Study Of Arrangement Of Renal Hilar Structures In Human Cadavers

Background: Renal hilum is the middle concavity of the medial border of kidney which communicates with renalsinus. The disposition of renal hilar structures has been described in anatomical textbook from anterior toposterior as the renal vein, renal artery and renal pelvis. Variations in arrangement of renal hilar structureswere detected incidentally while performing investigative imaging and angiographic procedures. Anatomicalknowledge of structures at the renal hilum is of great importance for various urological surgical procedures andalso during interpretation of various radiological techniques related to the kidney.Objective: To evaluate the arrangement of renal hilar structures in human cadaversMaterials and Methods: Present work was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Sri Devaraj Urs medicalcollege, Kolar on fifty pairs of morphological normal kidneys of embalmed cadavers. Renal hilum of each kidneywas dissected carefully to see the arrangement of renal artery, vein and pelvis and their anteroposterior relationsat the hilum were recorded.Results: The arrangement of renal hilar structures exhibited great variations. The patterns of arrangement of thehilar structures were classified into 12 major patterns. In 32 % kidney we observed the classical arrangement ofhilar structures described in standard textbooks as renal vein, renal artery and pelvis. In 36% cases anteriortrunk of renal artery is the most anteriorly placed structure at the renal hilum. In 21% cases we observed anteriorand posterior tributaries of renal vein. The renal pelvis in between the divisions of renal artery and tributariesof renal vein was noted in 43% cases. We noticed the formation of the renal pelvis outside the hilum in 7% cases.Conclusion: Present study will help to provide better knowledge of disposition of renal hilar structures which willbe useful for the urological surgeons, radiologists and anatomists.