Plexiform Multicystic Ameloblastoma in a 20-Year-Old Adult

A 20 years old male patient reported to dental OPD with a complaint of swelling in the lower left back tooth region of jaw since 4 months. Patient gave a history of gradual increase in swelling from 4 months which was associated with dull aching type of pain. There was no history of trauma, balm application or pus discharge from the swelling. The patient had pain while chewing hard food and experienced an abnormal sensation over the left cheek region. There was no history of tooth removal in the same region from past 4 months. His past medical history was not significant. He was a known betel nut chewer. Extra oral examination (figure 1) revealed an ill-defined, single, diffused swelling present in in lower third on left side of the face extending anteroposteriorly from left preauricular region to ala of nose. S/I from Frankfort horizontal plane to left submandibular region measuring about 7 × 8 cms. On palpation, local temperature was raised.

Estimation of Iron and Vitamin C Levels In Serum and Saliva: A Clinical and Biochemical Study In Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients

Background: OSMF is a well-recognized, potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity. Monitoring the widespread consequences of OSMF requires interventions in at-risk persons ideally earlier the disease becomes aggressive. Iron and vitamin C have been widely studied in recent years to judge whether they have any modifying effects in the etiology of precancer and cancer. Aim of study was to evaluate levels of iron and vitamin C in serum and saliva in patients with OSMF. Methods:Study group comprised of 66 patients, out of which 22 cases of clinically diagnosed OSMF patients and 22 cases of betelnut habitual without OSMF and 22 cases of age and sex matched control healthy patients were recruited. Estimation of Iron by Ferrozine method and vitamin C by 2-4 dinitrophenylhydrazine method in serum and saliva was carried out by using Spectrophotometer. The statistical analysis was done. Results: Level of iron and vitamin C in serum and saliva was significantly decreased in OSMF patients when compared to betelnut habitual and controls group which were statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study, all the cases of OSMF showed decrease in iron and vitamin C levels which suggests that the iron and vitamin C plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of OSMF. In group II (Betel nut habituals without OSMF) patients showed decrease in iron and vitamin C levels which suggest that, betel nut quid with or without tobacco consumption may alter the serum and salivary levels of iron and vitamin C and plays an important role in the advancement of OSMF. Therefore regular monitoring of betel nut habituals should also be carried out because they are at higher risk of developing OSMF in future. Study indicates that saliva also may be used as a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool to evaluate the iron and vitamin C in OSMF patients. Estimation of iron and vitamin C in OSMF patients would help in management, in developing therapies based on the trace element expression.

Morphological evaluation of temporo-mandibular joint in indian population / Avaliação morfológica da articulação temporo-mandibular em Indianos

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in the body and its harmonious functioning is very important to maintain a normal masticatory system. The morphologic alterations and the asymmetrical position of the TMJ structures may lead the various clinicalsigns & symptoms. Morphology of the temporomandibular joint may be influenced by gender of patients, environmental factor and also food habits at various places. Objective: To evaluate the morphology of the temporomandibular joint using computed tomography, in order to determine the condyle shape, joint space and glenoid fossa roof thickness. Material and Methods: One hundred and six healthy patients (212 TMJs) who visited a private hospital (or the University's Hospital) for CT brain scan were included to this crosssectional study sample.The patients were aged between 20­50 years with an average age of 35.46 years. All the images were taken by positioning patients in supine position with 120kvp , 50ma,2.33minute exposure with 0.7mm thick slicesby computed topography machine in all three projection that is Axial, Coronal and Saggital view. Results: For all variables, the mean and standard deviation were calculated, based on gender, and TMJ sides. The Paired t-test was used and P <0.05 will be considered to be significant. Conclusion: Present study showed that thereis positive evidence of temporomandibular joint involvement in elderly patients. Change in morphology and position of condylar head with glenoid fossa and roof thickness are one of the most common cause of degenerative diseases (AU)

Objetivo: A articulação temporomandibular (ATM) é uma das articulações mais complexas do corpo e seu funcionamento harmonioso é muito importante para manter um sistema mastigatório. As alterações morfológicas e a posição assimétrica das estruturas da ATM podem levar os vários sinais e sintomas clínicos. A morfologia da articulação temporomandibular pode ser influenciada pelo gênero dos pacientes, fatores ambientais e também hábitos alimentares diversos. Objetivo: Avaliar a morfologia da articulação temporomandibular usando tomografia computadorizada, a fim de determinar a forma do côndilo, o espaço articular, e a espessura do teto da fossa glenóide. Material e Métodos: Cento e seis pacientes saudáveis (212 ATMs) que foram a um hospital privado (ou Hospital da Universidade) para tomografia computadorizada de cérebro foram incluídos na amostra deste estudo transversal. Os pacientes tinham entre 20 e 50 anos com uma idade média de 35,46 anos. Todas as imagens foram tiradas com os pacientes posicionados em decúbito dorsal com 120kvp, 50mA, 2,33minutos de exposição com espessura de 0.7mm nas três projeções: Axial, Coronal e Saggital. Resultados: Para todas as variáveis, a média e desvio padrão foram calculados, com base no sexo e nos lados da ATM. O teste t pareado foi usado e P <0,05 foi considerado significativo. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que há evidências positivas de envolvimento da articulação temporomandibular nos pacientes mais velhos. Mudança na morfologia e posição da cabeça condilar com a espessura do teto da fossa glenóide é uma das causas mais comuns de doenças degenerativas (AU)

Utility of dermatoglyphics as a non-invasive diagnostic tool inrecurrent aphthous stomatitis / Utilidade da dermatoglifia como ferramenta diagnóstica não invasivapara estomatite aftosa recorrente

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is an advancing branch of medical science in which the dermal ridge patterns are studied and used in prediction of genetic disorders. Objective: To assess the usefulness of dermatoglyphics, as a non-invasive early predicator in RAS, since genetics plays a role in both. Materials and methods: This case control study comprised of 40 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis compared to 30 control subjects of similar age and sex. All subjects were investigated for their dermatoglyphic patterns of both hands, which were obtained by smearing the ink uniformly over the palm and fingers and pressing the hands firmly against the good quality paper. Qualitative analysis of prints was done for arches, loops and whorls and quantitative analysis included Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC) and atd angle. Fisher’s Exact Tests were used to evaluate the significance between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the dermatoglyphic features. Results: Among various dermatoglyphic parameters analyzed, recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients showed 9% arches, 62% loops and 29% whorls as the finger ridge configuration. In comparing the results between the two groups, the frequency of arches was observed more in study group while composite whorl and the nar pattern were more frequent in control group, the results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition to this, study group patients demonstrated higher frequency of total finger ridge count, and control group showed higher frequency for atd angle on both hands, statistically significant difference is observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study found significant correlation between palmar dermatoglyphics and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, suggesting that genetics is one of the host risk factor associated with the latter, and could aid in early detection of the disease.

Introdução: Dermatoglifia é um avançado ramo da ciência médica em que os padrões de cristas dérmicas são estudados e utilizados para predizer distúrbios genéticos. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilidade da dermatoglifia, como método de diagnóstico não invasivo para a estomatite aftosa recorrente, uma vez que a genética desempenha um papel em ambos. Materiais e métodos: Estudo caso-controle composto por 40 pacientes com estomatite aftosa recorrente comparados a 30 controles de mesma idade e sexo. Todos os sujeitos foram avaliados quanto a seus padrões dermatóglifos de ambas as mãos. Os padrões dermatóglifos foram obtidos espalhando uniformemente uma tinta sobre a palma da mão e os dedos e pressionada firmemente contra um papel de boa qualidade. A análise qualitativa das impressões foi feita por arcos, laços e espirais e a análise quantitativa pela contagem total da polpa do dedo (TFRC) e ângulo atd. Teste de Fischer foi utilizado para avaliar a significância entre estomatites recorrentes e características dermatoglíficas. Resultados: Entre os vários parâmetros dermatoglíficos analisados, os pacientes com estomatite aftosa recorrente mostraram 9% de arcos, 62% de laços e 29% de espirais na configuração da polpa digital. Ao comparar os resultados entre os dois grupos, a frequência de arcos foi mais observada no grupo de estudo, enquanto verticilos e padrão tênar foram mais frequentes no grupo controle, com resultados estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05). Além disso, os pacientes do grupo de estudo demonstraram maior frequência de contagem total da polpa digital e o grupo controle apresentou maior frequência para o ângulo atd em ambas as mãos, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O estudo encontrou correlação significativa entre a dermatoglifia palmar e estomatites recorrentes, sugerindo que a genética é um dos fatores de risco de hospedeiro associado com estomatite aftosa recorrente, e poderia ajudar na detecção precoce da doença.

Utility of lead thyroid collar in cephalometric radiography.

Objective: To investigate whether the application of thyroid collars (TCs) affects the results of cephalometric study. Study Design: The Steiner cephalometric analysis of the patients was performed using lateral cephalometric radiographs, which were taken twice for each patient: Once using TCs (TC group; n0 = 50) and once without using TCs (NTC group; n = 50). A randomized and observer-blinded diagnostic study with head films taken from the two aforementioned groups was performed and results were evaluated with the t-test and Z-test, using GraphPad® Prism 4 software. Results : Statistical analysis using t-test was performed. The values of the line angles used in Steiner cephalometric analysis were compared for which values of each angle remained unchanged when done using TCs and without TC to the same samples. Conclusions : Lead shielding of the thyroid gland does not affect landmark identification or the specific measurements of the angulations traced during cephalometric analysis. TCs should be routinely applied during cephalometric radiography if cephalometric analyses are limited to the structures above the second cervical vertebra.

Dentofacial changes and oral health status in mentally challenged children.

The study was carried out on 69 mentally challenged individuals. They were subjected to detailed clinical evaluation for dentofacial abnormalities and oral health status. Of the 69 mentally handicapped individuals 27 had Downs syndrome and 42 had cerebral palsy. Characteristic facial abnormalities were seen in children with Downs syndrome. In cerebral palsy, fracture maxillary anteriors were more evident. All the Downs syndrome cases had abnormal TMJ movements but in cerebral palsy only 35.7% of individuals had abnormal TMJ movements. In both the groups, submandibular lymph adenopathy was reported. Present study revealed dental caries in 56.0% of the individuals. Fair clinical level of oral hygiene in 60% of the individuals was seen.