Optimal fluid intake in daily diet: Avicenna's view / 中西医结合学报

Adequate daily water consumption is an important factor of keeping regular homeostasis. However, the best quantity of daily water consumption for a healthy individual is not virtually stated in the literature. Despite the dearth of evidence-based recommendations, it is commonly thought that ingesting eight glasses of water a day is good for a healthy person. Avicenna had a unique viewpoint. He believed that daily water intake depended on numerous elements together with age, intercourse, body temperament, season, occupation and various internal and external elements. He also cited a few essential and useful measures regarding proper water consumption, which have additionally been emphasized in Islamic hadiths.

[Al-Akhawayni, an influencial contributor to medieval Persian science of neurology]

Al-Akhawayni Bukhari [?-983 AD], great 10th century Persian physician, in his extant book entitled Hidayat[Guide] discussed different aspects of some neurologic diseases that include prevention, clinical findings, treatment, and sometimes prognosis. Without doubt, Al-Akhawayni's knowledge on neurology, in addition to his familiarity to the works of his predecessors is obviously indebted to his experimental approach to medicine. These features resulted in providing a number of innovations. Another evidence is that, Al-Akhawayniwas known as insane's physician during his lifetime as a doctor. Therefore, it seems to be essential that this physician's only surviving book is evaluated with more emphasis, and Al-Akhawayni is being introduced to the modern world of science

[Jondishapour, center of cultural transmission]

Jondishapour School was the first center of cultural transmission in the world among various civilizations like the Greek, Syriac, Hindi, Chinese and Roman formed by permissive policies of Khosro Anushirvan in Iran. The idea that Iranian knowledge can be flourished with the help of progress made in science in different cultures was, for the first time, suggested by Khosro Anushirvan and his competent minister Buzarjmehr. Several meetings were held between scholars of different cultures and civilizations in the presence of the king and Sassanid sage. In addition, translation of the works from different languages and cultures to the Pahlavi was done and encouraged during this period and fortunately, despite the fall of the Sassanid emperor and Muslims attack on Iran, this policy continued without stop. But the centrality of Baghdad and dominance of Arabic language over Pahlavi language could affect only the change of the language, not the policy of the era. In fact, we can consider Jondishapour School as one of the main causes of promotion of Islamic culture and civilization

[ effect of Jundishapur School on Baghdad Medical School]

One of the great schools of medical knowledge that had been the light of the past to the future is Jundishapur School. We sought to introduce just a little of this magnificent persian civilization in this study. The aim of this study was reviewing the effect of Jundishapur medical school and hospital on Baghdad medical school and hospital. Effectiveness of this great scientific center at that time was so much that transmission of its culture to the center of islamic caliphate in Baghdad, leaded to prosperity and excellence of Baghdad school