ABSTRACT
Background: Free radicals and other reactive species are constantly generated in vivo and cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. DNA is probably the most biologically significant target of oxidative attack. Among numerous types of oxidative DNA damage the formation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress, an adduct formed as a result of biochemical reaction between ROS and DNA. Chronic exposure to Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides is implicated in many health conditions that result from the induction of oxidative stress, including cytogenetic damage. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the biochemical levels of 8-OHdG in spot urinary samples under the exposed OP pesticide sprayers and farm workers. Methods: In this study, 51 male pesticide sprayers and 39 farm workers in the age group of 18-47 years having exposure ranged from 3 to 15 years in duration were selected. The referents (n=31) were selected on the same criteria as well as they were never exposed to pesticides at any time. This study was conducted during the growing season (January, 2009 – September, 2010). The most commonly used OP pesticides like chlorpyriphos, Diazinon, Dimethioate, Monocrotofos etc., were used in this study. Urine samples from each participant were taken in sterile tubes and were stored at -200C till analysed. The concentration of 8-OHdG in samples were analyzed using ELISA. Results: The urinary levels of 8-OHdG were found to be significantly higher in the farm workers and pesticide sprayers in contrast to the level observed in the control group (p<0.05). When the data was analyzed in the exposed groups in relation to duration of exposure it was found that both the farm workers and sprayers who were exposed to OP pesticides for less than 5 years showed the maximum mean values of 8-OHdG in comparison to those exposed to for more than 10 years. Conclusions: In view of this regular bio monitoring studies in target human populations are imperative necessary due to frequent changes in pesticide formulations and introduction of newer pesticides. Despite that several life style factors may influence the urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG but still this non-invasive bio-marker 8-OHdG is preferred over other invasive techniques to evaluate the environmental and occupational exposure effect of OP pesticides on the genotoxicity of the exposed workers.
ABSTRACT
Tocotrienols are members of the vitamin E family essential for human nutrition. It has four isomeric forms i.e., α, β, γ, δ. Palm oil and rice bran oil represent two major nutritional sources of natural tocotrienols. Taken orally, tocotrienols are bioavailable to all vital organs. Apart from tocotrienols antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineurodegeneration, antimicrobial, anticancer properties it also has antihypercholesterolemic and antiangiogenic properties. During the last 7 years, tocotrienol research has gained substantial momentum. More than 75% of the entire PubMed literature on tocotrienols has been published on or after 2000. This represents major swing in the overall direction of tocotrienol research. The objective of this review is to highlight the potential significance of the tocotrienol in cardiovascular diseases, mainly anti hypercholesterolemic and anti hyperlipidemic properties along with its efficacy and safety.
ABSTRACT
Infertility is a major clinical problem, affecting people medically and psychosocially. Male factor plays a significant role in about 50% of infertile couples. Recent reports indicate that increasing male infertility could be due to genomic abnormalities. The etiology of sperm DNA damage is multi-factorial but compromised due to nuclear defects, protamine deficiency and oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate sperm DNA integrity and oxidative stress in infertile men. The study is prospective, comprises 96 infertile patients and 30 fertile controls. Sperm DNA integrity was assessed by flowcytometry. MDA and TAC were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The percentage of DNA Fragmentation Index and MDA were found to be significantly increased while TAC was significantly decreased in infertile men as compared to control. DFI and MDA were negatively correlated with TAC levels. Present study indicates significant increases in seminal MDA and sperm DNA damage in infertile men. Seminal MDA was significantly correlated with sperm DNA damage, TAC and standard sperm parameters. The elevated levels of seminal OS observed in these infertile patients could be responsible for poor sperm quality and sperm DNA fragmentation. Hence evaluation of DFI, MDA and TAC can be used for diagnosis, prognosis of male infertility in addition to routine semen parameters to decide the treatment strategies.