Maximal fat oxidation rate in women with sedentary behaviour and at-risk body fat percentage

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine how the maximal fat oxidation rate is affected in two groups of women with different fat mass percentages. Thirty-four women with sedentary behavior (aged 18-25 years) were divided into 2 groups according to their body fat percentage. (<32% of body fat was considered as a threshold following American College Sport Medicine [ACSM] indications). Body fat percentages were assessed by anthropometry, then subjects performed an adapted graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine maximal oxygen consumption and fat oxidation rates during exercise. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in maximal cardiorespiratory capacity (34.4±4.4 vs 30.4±10.4 mL x kg-1 x min-1) and maximal fat oxidation rates (0.39±0.05 vs 0.31±0.06 g x min-1) between the lower risk group when compared to the higher risk group. There was no correlation between body fat percentage (BF%) and fat oxidation rates in both groups. In conclusion, cardiorespiratory capacity and substrate oxidation are different when two groups of women divided by ACSM recommendations are considered and these results could help clinicians and trainers to prevent weight gain and/or promote body fat and body weight loss.

RESUMEN El propósito de este estudio fue examinar el cambio de la tasa de oxidación de grasas en dos grupos de mujeres con diferentes porcentajes de masa grasa. Metodología: Treinta y cuatro mujeres con comportamiento sedentario (edades de 18 a 25 años) fueron divididas en dos grupos de acuerdo con su porcentaje de masa grasa (<32% fue considerado como umbral siguiendo las indicaciones del American College Sport Medicine [ACSM]). El porcentaje de masa grasa fue medido por antropometría y luego los sujetos realizaron una prueba adaptado en trotadora eléctrica para determinar el consumo máximo de oxígeno y las tasas de oxidación durante el ejercicio. Resultados: Existieron significativas (p<0,05) en la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (34,4±4,4 vs 30,4±10,4 mL x kg-1 x min-1) y máxima tasa de oxidación de grasas (0,39±0,05 vs 0,31±0,06 g x min-1) entre el grupo de menor riesgo cuando se compara con el de mayor riesgo. No hubo correlación entre el porcentaje de masa grasa (BF%) vs oxidación máxima de grasas. Conclusión: la capacidad cardiorespiratoria y la oxidación de sustratos fue diferente cuando dos grupos de mujeres son divididos por las consideraciones de la ACSM.

Resultados clínicos del reemplazo valvular aórtico percutáneo con dispositivo balón expandible MyVal en estenosis aórtica severa de alto riesgo / Clinical results of percutaneous aortic valve replacement using the MyVal prosthesis in patients with severe aortice stenosis and hisgh surgical risk

INTRODUCCIÓN: El dispositivo MyVal balón-expandible (Meril Life Sciences, India) fue recientemente aprobado en Chile y la Unión Europea para uso comercial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue proveer datos de eficacia y seguridad temprana y de mediano plazo en pacientes portadores de estenosis aórtica (EA) severa de alto riesgo quirúrgico sometidos a reemplazo valvular aórtico percutáneo (RVAP) con dispositivo MyVal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se enrolaron retrospectivamente todos los pacientes con EA severa sintomática de alto riesgo según criterio del ´heart team´ local, sometidos a RVAP usando prótesis MyVal en Hospital San Borja Arriarán. RESULTADOS: La población quedó compuesta por 14 sujetos tratados entre Octubre 2018 y Noviembre 2019. La población tuvo una edad media de 82,5±7,8 años y elevado perfil de riesgo (puntaje STS promedio 11,6±5,1% de mortalidad a 30 días). Se logró éxito de dispositivo y procedimiento en 12 pacientes (86%) con caída sustancial de la gradiente aórtica media, persistente a 6 meses de seguimiento sin insuficiencia aórtica más que leve. Ocurrió falla de dispositivo en 2 pacientes, una debida a falla de entrega y otra por embolización a ventrículo, esta última con resultado de muerte. En términos de complicaciones, ocurrió una muerte precoz atribuida a disección/ruptura de aorta y 2 hemorragias mayores. La tasa de marcapasos ascendió a 3 pacientes, 23% considerando todos quienes recibieron implante. CONCLUSIÓN: El presente registro cuestiona la seguridad de MyVal en el tratamiento percutáneo de la EA severa de alto riesgo. Sin embargo, una vez logrado un implante exitoso MyVal muestra adecuados parámetros de funcionamiento, persistentes a un plazo mediano de seguimiento.

BACKGROUND: The recently approved balloon expandable MyVal (Meril Life Sciences, India) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) prosthesis is available for commercial use in Chile and the European Union. The aim of this study is to provide early and mid-term data on the safety and efficacy of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) at high surgical risk undergoing TAVR using the MyVal device. METHODS: All patients with symptomatic severe AS at high surgical risk undergoing intended TAVR with MyVal prosthesis at San Borja-Arriarán Hospital entered to a retrospective registry. RESULTS: Between October 2018 and November 2019, 14 patients entered to the registry. The mean age was 82.5±7.8 years-old with a high-surgical riskprofile (mean STS score of 11.6±5.1% for 30-day mortality). Device and procedural success were achieved in 12 patients (86%) with substantial decrease in the mean aortic gradient, persistent at 6 months follow-up, all with mild or trace aortic regurgitation. Device failure occurred in 2 patients, one due to failed delivery and other due to device embolization into the left ventricle, which resulted in patient death. There were one death attributed aortic dissection/rupture and two major bleeding episodes. Three patients receiving MyVal implant required the implantation of a permanent pacemaker (23%). CONCLUSION: The present registry rises a question upon the safety of the MyVal TAVR device in high-risk AS. However, once a successfully implant was achieved the MyVal prosthesis showed an adequate performance to mid-term follow-up.

Reparación de válvula mitral y cierre de comunicación interauricular, asistida por robot: experiencia inicial / Robotic mitral valve repair and closure of atrial septal defect: report of 13 procedures

Background Robot-assisted minimally invasive heart surgery is an effective alternative when compared with classical approaches. It has a low mortality and postoperative complications and its long-term durability is comparable with conventional techniques. Aim: To report short- and long-term results with the use of a robot-assisted transthoracic approach. Patients and Methods: Review of patients undergoing heart surgery between 2015 and 2019 using a robot assisted minimally invasive technique in a single center. We analyzed demographic characteristics, surgical and early ultrasound results. Results: Thirteen procedures were reviewed, nine mitral valve repairs (MVR) in patients aged 61 ± 21 years (seven males) and four atrial septal defect (ASD) closures in patients aged from 24 to 52 years (three men). For MVR, the average extracorporeal circulation and myocardial ischemia times were 120 ± 20.9 and 89 ± 21 minutes, respectively. The median hospitalization was four days. Two cases of MVR had postoperative complications. There was no mortality. All cases showed improvement in their symptoms. Ultrasound findings showed no postoperative mitral insufficiency except in one case. Conclusions: We report very good results in both complex mitral repair and CIA closure, comparable to centers with high standards in minimally invasive robot-assisted heart surgery.

Aproximación a la conformación de la subjetividad femenina a partir de la imagen corporal en mujeres mastectomizadas / An approach to the conformation of female subjectivity from body image in mastectomized women

El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad que carga con un importante peso social, puesto que se enlaza simbólicamente a la muerte, disminuyendo en las mujeres la posibilidad de experimentarse vivas, a la vez que en ciertos casos padecen la mutilación de un objeto que es considerado de gran importancia en el cuerpo femenino. La presente investigación es una aproximación que da énfasis en la exploración de las implicancias que el cáncer de mama tiene en la subjetividad de una mujer mastectomizada, centrando la investigación en la vivencia de lo femenino, accediendo a la escucha de relatos de mujeres de forma individual con el objetivo de indagar en su vivencia y posición subjetiva frente al cáncer, el pecho y la mutilación de éste. Se realizaron dos entrevistas semi-estructuradas que tuvieron una duración estimada a discreción de las mujeres entrevistadas, las que pertenecen a la corporación "Yo Mujer", cuyas edades son de 38 y 45 años, debiendo estar mastectomizadas producto de un cáncer de mama.

Breath Cancer is a disease that carries with an important social status, because it's symbolically linked with dead experience, decreasing in women the possibility to experience alive, furthermore in certain cases they suffer the mutilation of an object considered really important in women's body. The present research it's an approachment that emphasizes on explore the implications that breath cancer has on the subjectivity of a mastectomized woman, focusing research on the experience of "feminine", accessing the listening of individuals stories of women with the aim of investigating their experience and their subjective position against cancer, breath and the modulation of this. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, which were estimated at the discretion of the women interviewed, those belonging to the "Yo Mujer" corporation, whose ages are 38 and 45 years, and must be mastectomized product of breath cancer.

Implante valvular aórtico transarterial: experiencia en Chile / Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Experience in 17 patients

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is taking a leading role in the management of patients with severe aortic stenosis. Valve replacement surgery prolongs survival and is the technique of choice considering its historical background and long experience worldwide. Recently however, TAVI has positioned itself as the only standard therapy for symptomatic patients who are not candidates for surgery. Aim: To report the experience with this new technique comparing our results with those reported in the literature. Material and Methods: Between May 2010 and December 2011,17patients aged 81 ± 7.3 years (58.8% men with an Euro SCORE 29 ± 22.4%) underwent a TAVI. Results: The median transvalvular gradient was 54 ± 15.7 mmHg. All patients received a CoreValveTM. Technical success was 100%, with a post implant gradient of 6.29 ± 3.3 mmHg. Residual aortic regurgita-tion was observed in 94%, none greater than grade II. There were no complications at the vascular access site. One patient developed cardiac tamponade during the procedure. Permanent pacemaker implantation was required in 35.2%. Hospital mortality rate was 5.8%, a figure that remained unchanged at 30 days offollow-up. Conclusions: In high-risk patients with aortic stenosis, TAVI has a high success rate and a low rate of complications. Besides an appropriate patient selection, a trained multidisciplinary team and technical conditions to solve possible complications of the procedure are required.