ABSTRACT
Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the leading cause ofcancer mortality among females. Estrogen and Progesteronereceptors (ER, PR) and HER2 have been used for theranosticsin breast cancer. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)can yield highly cellular material for cytological diagnosis.Predictive biomarker assessment can be done on cytologicspecimens to know the patient’s eligibility for endocrinetherapy and anti- HER2- targeted therapy. Cell blocks furthercan increase the diagnostic accuracy through morphology andthe use of immunohistochemistry (IHC). The present studywas undertaken to evaluate immunohistochemical expressionof estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 in fineneedle aspiration cell blocks and surgical biopsies in primarybreast carcinoma cases.Material and methods: IHC for ER, PR and HER2 wasassessed on 50 pre chemotherapy breast carcinoma cell blocks(fixed in 10% formalin) and subsequent tissue sections.The scoring for ER/ PR was done according to ASCO/CAPguidelines. Strong circumferential membrane staining ingreater than 10% of tumor cells was considered positive forHER2.Results: Immunostaining assessment on cell block and theircorresponding tumor tissues showed a good concordance: ER(92%), PR (92%) and HER2 (93.75%). Taking histology asthe final outcome, the sensitivity of ER, PR and HER2 on cellblock was 92.30%, 86.36% and 91.67%, respectively, whilespecificity was 92.85%, 96.43% and 94.44%, respectively.Conclusion: IHC on cell blocks from breast carcinoma casesis useful especially when planning neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The pre analytic and analytic variables should be validated tooptimize the diagnostic utility of cell blocks.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a rare tumour accounting to almost 0.1-1.8% of all genital malignancies and difficult to diagnose preoperatively, because of its non-specific presentation as well as simulation with ovarian carcinoma. It is usually an intraoperative finding or a histopathological diagnosis. Case Report:The study present a case of 48 yr old post menopausal women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy with unilateral salpingo-oopherectomy for hydrosalpinx and ovarian cyst. Histopathological examination revealed, primary serous papillary adenocarcinom of fallopian tube. Conclusion: Primary tubal cancer is rare, mostly mistaken for ovarian carcinoma. Histopathological examination is the gold standard for final diagnosis
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diagnostic cytology is the science of interpretation of cells that are exfoliated from the epithelial surfaces or removed from various tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of cell block in increasing the cytodiagnosis of fine needle aspirates of head and neck lesions and to apply immunohistochemical markers on cell blocks. Material and methods: Total sample of 50 patients of head and neck lesions were received in the Department of Pathology, after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Informed consent of the patient was taken. Relevant history of the patient was taken as per the written proforma. Patients of all age group presenting with head and neck lesions underwent FNAC and histopathological examination was included in the study. Results: Thus FNAC served better than cell block in determining the cellularity (kappa κ – statistic = -0.04, P 0.0002) while on morphological preservation grounds,superior nuclear and cytoplasmic characteristics were observed in cell block in comparision to FNAC (κ – statistic= -0.08).Overall Sensitivity and positive predictive value of cell block method with imunohistochemistry (96% and 100% respectively) proved to be better as compared to FNAC alone (88.8% and 95.65%). Conclusion: The diagnostic value of a Cell Block technique with immunohistochemistry is found to be superior to FNAC smears for the diagnosis of benign and malignat lesions of head and neck region. Taking into consideration the advantages of Cell Block method an excellent complementary tool for improving cytodiagnosis, we can recommend that cell blocks preprations should be routine practice so as to augment the information that is obtained solely from FNAC smear cytology.
ABSTRACT
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of endometrium is a rare entity. Only 64 cases have been documented in the literature. We report a case of 60-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with abdominal distention and blood-stained vaginal discharge for 6-7 months. Clinically, chronic pyometra was considered. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed and histopathologically, it was diagnosed as a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of endometrium with extensive squamous metaplasia and dysplasia.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Endometrium/pathology , Female , Humans , Metaplasia , Middle Aged , Precancerous Conditions/pathologyABSTRACT
In the last decade, hepatitis C has emerged from obscurity as a disease (Non A Non B Hepatitis)familiar to only a few experts, to being recognized as a major public health problem. The present study was done to find out the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus in 5000 blood donors in Patiala and to compare its seroprevalence in voluntary and replacement blood donors. The testing for HCV antibodies was done by ELISA technique using third generation HCV microlisa kit. Seroprevalence of anti-HCV amongst 5000 healthy blood donors was 0.88%. It was 0.58% in voluntary blood donors and 0.95% in replacement blood donors. Anti-HCV positivity was significantly higher amongst males (0.97%) than females (0.59%). Maximum anti-HCV positivity was seen in 41-50 year age group in voluntary donors and 31-40 year age group in replacement group. This study made us to conclude that above results were due to multiple reasons like transfusion of blood and blood products from unscreened donors, medical injections, tattooing, intravenous drug abuse, traditional medicinal practices, sexual promiscuity and lack ofawareness in rural population about the disease and mode of spread.