ABSTRACT
Backgrounds and Objectives: Research suggests that both preterm and term infants can be remember and understand their own womb odor and prefer them to environmental odors. Studies show that use of olfactory stimuli during painful medical procedures reduces pain responses of infants. The main purpose of this study is investigating the effect of breast milk odor on pain response in preterm infants during and after venipuncture
Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial research. 90 preterm infants who were eligible to participate in the study were randomly selected and divided to two groups; control and breast milk. In breast milk group, infants were exposed to the smell breast milk odor five minutes before sampling to thirty seconds after it finishes. Infants' pain has been measured using PIPP score, 30 seconds before venipuncture, during sampling and 30 seconds after the end of venipuncture
Results: Statistical analyses showed that there are significant difference between pain score of infants of two groups during sampling [p=0.01] and after the end of venipuncture [p=0.05]
Conclusion: According to the results breast milk odor can be used for reduction of preterm infants' response to pain during and after blood sampling
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: recent advances in the field of intensive care have dramatically improved the survival of preterm born infants. The infants who born before 34 weeks of gestational age often have an immature or absent coordination sucking- swallowing and breathe pattern lead to feeding difficulties. In order to improve the efficacy of oral feeding in preterm infants, effective early interventions are needed. The purpose of current study is the effect of oral massage on physiological and behavioral indicators, frequency and duration of independent oral feeding in preterm infants
Materials and Methods: in this study forty-Eight Preterm infants, between 28-32 weeks of gestational age who were hospitalized in NICU were randomly divided in two groups; oral massage group and controls. Newborns in oral massage group received, pri and intraoral massages, twice per day, each time for IO minutes before gavages at least for IO consecutive days. Outcomes have been assessed and recorded in both groups
Results: duration and frequency of independent oral feeding that was assessed for 5 day was significant higher in massage group [p<0.001] [p>0.002]. There was no difference in Oxygen saturation, heart rate and behavioral state during oral feeding between two groups
Conclusion: oral massage can increase both the duration and frequency of independent oral feedings in preterm infants. However it has no effect on physiological and behavioral parameters during independent oral feeding development
ABSTRACT
To evaluate electroretinogram [ERG] changes after silicone oil removal. Scotopic and photopic ERGs, and best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA] were checked before and shortly after silicone oil removal in eyes that had previously undergone vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for complex retinal detachment. Pre- and postoperative ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes were compared. Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients including 20 male and 8 female subjects with mean age of 39.3 +/- 0.06 [range, 12 to 85] years were studied. Mean interval from primary vitreoretinal surgery to silicone oil removal was 21.04 +/- 0.52 [range, 7 to 39] months. Mean duration from silicone oil removal to second ERG was 13.04 +/- 1.75 [range, 10 to 16] days. Before silicone oil removal, mean a-wave amplitudes in maximal combined response, rod response and cone response ERGs were 27.4 +/- 19.9, 7.2 +/- 4.5 and 5.5 +/- 3.4 micro v, respectively. These values increased to 48.8 +/- 31.9, 15.1 +/- 14.4 and 17.4 +/- 22.2 micro, respectively after silicone oil removal [P < 0.001]. Mean b-wave amplitudes in the same order, were 69.41 +/- 51, 41.2 +/- 30.4 and 25.1 +/- 33.9 microvolts before silicone oil removal, increasing to 165.6 +/- 102.5, 81.7 +/- 53.7 and 44.7 +/- 34.1 micro respectively, after silicone oil removal [P < 0.001]. Mean BCVA significantly improved from 1.10 +/- 0.34 at baseline to 1.02 +/- 0.33 logMAR after silicone oil removal [P < 0.001]. The amplitudes of ERG a- and b-waves under scotopic and photopic conditions increased significantly shortly after silicone oil removal. An increase in BCVA was also observed. These changes may be explained by the insulating effect of silicone oil on the retina