ABSTRACT
Introduction: postpartum depression is the most important mood disorder after delivery, in which lack of particular attention and appropriate treatment may result in irreversible damage. Regarding the etiology of depression with respect to delivery mode, we aimed to determine the difference of depression university of scale between women with normal and those with cesarean section delivery
Methods: in the current study, a causal-comparative methodology was applied. The statistical group of this research included pregnant women who had referred to Arak hospitals for delivery during May-June 2016. By using convenience-sampling method, 142 women [70 normal delivery and 72 cesarean section] were selected. The research variables included demographic information and Edinburg's Postpartum Depression Scale [EPDS]. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software and independent T-test was used for analyzing the quantitative variables
Results: the results showed the mean postpartum depression score was 12.09 in women with normal delivery and 12.02 in women with cesarean section. Based on T- test results, there was no significant difference in depression scores between groups of normal delivery and cesarean section [sig: 0.486, T: 1.69]
Conclusion: the current study did not find any difference in postpartum depression between two groups of women with normal delivery and women with cesarean section. According to the EPDS, delivery mode had no influence on the occurrence of postpartum depression
ABSTRACT
Diurnal voiding dysfunction is one of the most common causes of pediatric urology clinic admissions. It can cause behavioral problems for children and their parents. We lunch this study to compare the parents' function and children's behavior problem in pediatric patients suffering from diurnal voiding dysfunction referring Arak Amir Kabir hospital. To perform this case-control study, we recruit 116 children with diurnal voiding dysfunction and compared them with other 116 children non-affected children aged between 5 to 16 years old. The child behavior checklist [CBCL4/18] for children behavior assessment and Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF] for the evaluation of their parent's behavior were completed by the parents. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, qualitative variables and CHI[2] formula. Among 116 patient with voiding dysfunction, 10 case [8.6%] showed behavioral problem while this figure was 3 case [2.6%] in the control group, denoting a significant difference [p=0.04]. Moreover 20 children [17.2%] in the case group and 9 children [7.8%] in the control group had internalizing problem [p=0.02]. Twenty two children [19%] with voiding dysfunction and 8 children [6.9%] in the healthy group had externalizing problem which was also a significant difference [p=0.01]. As a significant difference [0.01], the parent's average stress and behavior scores in case and control group were 3.65 and 3.76, respectively. The higher prevalence of behavioral problem in the children suffering from diurnal voiding dysfunction and their parent's functional impairment highlights the importance of early parent's intervention for early treatment and subsequently prevention of future behavioral problem in their sibling