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Ventilators are currently the most commonly used auxiliary mechanical ventilation equipment in clinical practice, and play an important role in the treatment of hypoxemia. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a special type of pulmonary parenchymal inflammation of nosocomial infection in patients with mechanical ventilation, which leads the increase of mortality and affects the prognosis of patients. The non-standard management of ventilator pipeline joints and the aerosol formed by bacterial condensate splashed from ventilator pipeline pollute the air, resulting in cross infection, which are the important reasons for VAP. The existing ventilator pipeline joint cap can achieve the effect of preventing pollution, but the clinical application compliance is not high. Based on the above factors, teachers, students and medical staff of the School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine and other units have designed a device for preventing pollution and air pollution of the ventilator pipeline joint, and obtained the national utility model patent of China (ZL 2020 2 1361981.X). The device is composed of a model lung, a mask body, a suspension part and a beam mouth part, etc. The use method is simple, and can be applied to the pollution avoidance of invasive ventilator and non-invasive ventilator pipeline joints, to reduce the occurrence of VAP in patients and the occupational exposure of medical staff.
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Objective@#To investigate the distribution and related factors of birth weight of live births and full-term infants in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.@*Methods@#Based on Guangxi women and children information system from 2016 to 2018, a large real-time database about maternal and live-birth information was established. It covered 1 712 midwifery institutions in Guangxi. A total of 2 394 240 cases of live births were collected and 2 243 129 cases of which were full-term infants. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of low birth weight.@*Results@#The birth weight of 2 394 240 live births, (3 123.49±461.08) g, in Guangxi was approximately normal distribution with a peak distribution to the left. The incidence of low birth weight was 8.05%, and the incidence of macrosomia was 2.07%. The incidence of low birth weight was 10.92% for the puerpera with body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) <18.5, 16.82% for the puerpera with height <145 cm, 8.92% for the puerpera with age <20 years old, 7.67% for the puerpera with age ≥35 years old, and 54.65% for the puerpera with premature birth. The birth weight of 2 243 129 full-term infants, (3 176.01±400.78) g, was approximately normal distribution with a peak distribution to the right. The incidence of low birth weight was 2.97%, and the incidence of macrosomia was 2.19%. The incidence of low birth weight was 4.73% for puerpera with BMI<18.5, 8.17% for puerpera with height<145 cm, 4.83% for puerpera with age <20 years old, and 3.05% for puerpera with age ≥35 years old. The risks of low birth weight [OR (95%CI) value] of pregnant women aged <20, 25-29 and 30-34 years old were 1.31 (1.28-1.35), 0.88 (0.86-0.90) and 0.89 (0.87-0.91) times of those aged ≥35 years old. The risks of low birth weight [OR (95%CI) value] of pregnancy BMI <18.5 and 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 group were 1.98 (1.94-2.03) and 1.20 (1.18-1.23) times of those pregnancy BMI ≥24 kg/m2. The risks of low birth weight [OR (95%CI) value] of pregnant women′s height (cm)<145, 145-154, 155-159 and 160-164 cm were 4.67 (4.39-4.97), 2.36 (2.29-2.44), 1.58 (1.53-1.63) and 1.22 (1.18-1.26) times of those heights ≥165 cm group. The risks of low birth weight [OR (95%CI) value] of pregnant women′s gestational age <28, 28-31 and 32-36 years old were 136.65 (124.33-150.20), 1 704.37 (1 509.02-1 925.02) and 33.45 (32.98-33.94) times of those gestational age ≥37 years old.@*Conclusion@#The incidence of low birth weight of live births was higher in Guangxi from 2016 to 2018. There is a higher risk of low birth weight for younger, older, low height, low BMI and preterm women in Guangxi from 2016 to 2018.
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Objective@#Tracking the information on 1.69 million fetal cases across Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) so as to study the occurrences of total and major birth defects in order to evaluate the ability on related prevention and control programs in Guangxi.@*Methods@#Using the self-developed "Gui Women’s System" to establish a database of 1.69 million fetal cases in Guangxi and to analyze the distribution of time, space and population, as well as the outcomes of pregnancy, using the big data.@*Results@#During the 29 months of observation, the overall live birth rate was 99.25%, with stillbirth rate during pregnancy as 0.44%, stillbirth rate during birth as 0.02%, and the 0-6 days mortality rate as 0.14%. The total detection rate on birth defects was 197.63/10 000; the incidence rate was 103.04/10 000, the birth rate was 102.55/10 000. The overall discovery rate of major birth defects was 48.33/10 000, with the incidence rate as 783 000, the birth rate as 0.58/10 000. The discovery rates of major birth defects in 14 cities were between 35 and 68/10 000, and the birth rate dropped significantly to less than 1.00 in 10 000. Nationalities showed that the number of pregnant women with birth defects more than 50 000 would include Hui (9.68/10 000), Yao (9.57/10 000), and Jing (9.37/10 000). With the increasing age of gestation, number of birth defects, incidence of major birth defects also increased. Ninety-five percent of the major birth defects were found within <28 weeks and with the top 5 kinds of major birth defects as complicated congenital heart disease (9.11/10 000), alpha thalassemia (8.36/10 000), and 21-trisomy syndrome (7.85/10 000), beta thalassemia (5.32/10 000) and fetal edema syndrome (4.92/10 000). The top 5 major birth defects appeared as complicated congenital heart disease (9.11/10 000), alpha thalassemia (8.36/10 000), and 21-trisomy syndrome (7.85/10 000), beta thalassemia (5.32/10 000) and fetal edema syndrome (4.92/10 000).@*Conclusion@#Programs leading to increase the rate on discovery of major birth defects were fundamental in effectively reducing the major birth defects.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the demographic characteristics of the HIV positive cases detected in the screening project in communicable disease prevention demonstration area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and analyses the related factors of HIV infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV antibody detection was conducted for local people aged no less than 15 years old in 3 demonstration counties, and the demographic information of the subjects were collected. The factors influencing HIV infection were analyzed with software PASW Statistics 18.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 770 454 local people aged over 15 years were screened, the HIV infection rate was 1.58‰ among them. The positive cases were mainly married males aged≥30 years and with the educational level of primary school and junior middle school. Thus male, age over 30 years and educational level of primary school and junior middle school. were the common risk factors for HIV infection, whereas being married was a protective factor for HIV infection in 3 demonstration counties, but Han ethnic group and divorced/widowed were risk factors for HIV infection in the demonstration county A, non-farmer, divorced/widowed and educational level of senior middle school were the risk factors for HIV infection in demonstration county B and Han ethnic group and farmer were risk factors HIV infection in demonstration county C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It suggested to conduct targeted HIV infection screening according to the survey results to find out the HIV cases in general population.</p>
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Objective To assess willingness to pay(wtp)for typhoid vi vaccine in typhoid epidemic area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and to provide evidence for introduction of the vaccine.Methods Applying the method of wtp was investigated in typhoid epidemic area,the curve of "price-accept ratio model"was drawn up with Probit regression.Results The formula of "price-accept ratio model" was described as following:Probit(p)=0.88952-0.46296X.The WTP for typhoid vi vaccine was $10.41,with a 95% confidence interval of $6.67～16.24.Conclusions WTP for typhoid vi vaccine was around $10 in Guangxi typhoid epidemic area.The Contingent Valuation Method was applicable in the investigation of WTP.