ABSTRACT
Objective:To develop an improved wireless intelligent capsule cystoscope (WCE)for dynamic detection of bladder mucosa in a pig model.Methods:The WCE was introduced into a healthy experimental pig that under general anesthesia via urethra by applying an improved device. Multi-angle images of the bladder mucosa were then obtained by controlling the position of capsule cystoscope with an external magnetic field system. The shutter speed of the WCE was 2.5 fps and was automatically converted to 1.5 fps 30 minutes after initiation. The Vue software was utilized to download the shoot pictures which were former received by a computer via wireless transmission. The pig was roused and sent to the pigpen, without limitations in moving. The improved WCE was connected with a 2 cm thread. 12 hours later, the dilated sheath was inserted again, and the capsule was removed by a foreign body forceps under observation of a ureteroscopy.Results:The WCE was successfully placed and removed from the pig's bladder with the application of the improved devices. Over 20 thousand images that with 60K pixels of bladder mucosa were captured by the WCE at various angles within 12 hours, which revealed the process of urine filling and excreting in a time-dependent way. No notable adverse effects (bleeding, urinary tract injury, etc) were noted during the process of cystoscope placement, image acquisition, transmission, and removal.Conclusion:This study developed a novel WCE that could dynamically, intelligently and accurately monitor all aspects of the pig bladder mucosa, and has preferable application prospect.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of different methods of endotracheal catheter cuff inflation on cuff pressure and tracheal mucosal damage postoperatively .Methods 120 patients undergoing gynecological tumorectomy as a selective operation with general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups with different methods of cuff inflation :finger kneading method ,spe-cialized cuff pressure meter ,and minimum closing volume method .The cuff pressure were measured by specialized cuff pressure gauge and the tracheal mucous membrane was examined by fibrolaryngoscope at the time of withdrawal of endotracheal tube .The cuff pressure and the tracheal mucosal change with different cuff inflation methods were compared .Results The average cuff pres-sure with finger kneading method(49 ± 11 .8 cm H2 O)was obviously higher than specialized cuff pressure meter group (27 ± 1 .5 cm H2O)and minimum closing volume method group(25 ± 2 .1 cm H2O) .The incidence of tracheal mucosal damage was obviously higher in the group with finger kneading method(87 .5% ) than other groups(20 .0% and 15 .0% respectively) .There were no obvi-ous differences in the incidence of tracheal mucosal damage between the rest two groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The cuff pressure in the finger kneading method was higher than the permitted value and it make the incidence of tracheal mucosal damage increase . The cuff inflation with specialized cuff pressure meter and minimum closing volume method can make the cuff pressure properly a-mong the permitted value and decrease the complications related to endotracheal intubation .
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury in rats.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 12 weeks,weighing 210-230 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),LPS group and FK866 (specific Nampt inhibitor) group (group F).LPS 4 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in LPS and F groups,and then FK866 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in group F.At 6 h after the end of administration,the blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta for determination of serum concentrations of cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI).Then the animals were sacrificed and myocardial specimens were removed for determination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents,glutathion (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio,caspase-3 activity and apoptosis rate.Results Compared with group C,the levels of cTnI,TNF-α,IL-6,MDA and caspase-3 were significantly increased,and GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in LPS and F groups.Compared with group LPS,the levels of cTnI,TNF-α,IL-6,MDA and caspase-3 were significantly decreased,and GSH/GSSG ratio was increased in group F.There was no significant difference in apoptosis rate among the 3 groups.Conelusion Nampt activation can induce inflammatory responses and oxidative damage and promote cell apoptosis,thus being involved in LPS-induced myocardial injury in rats.