Investigation of occupational exposure to power frequency electromagnetic fields in workers of power grid / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure and assess the levels of occupational exposure to power frequency electromagnetic fields in workers of power grid.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PMM8053 electromagnetic fields measuring system with EHP-50 probe was used to measure the levels of electromagnetic fields at working place. Personal dosimeters (EMDEX LITE) were utilized to measure the individual exposure levels of power frequency magnetic field. The results were evaluated with the limitation criteria of GBZ2.2 and ICNIRP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 500 kV ultra high voltage substation, the intensity at 90% measure points of power electric field was more than 5 kV/m. The magnetic field intensity in the areas nearby reactors and capacitors was often higher than 100 µT, even several hundreds µT. The mean daily exposure levels of workers in power grid were between 0.04 and 5.0 µT, and the exposure levels of 70% workers were higher than 0.4 µT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the areas of ultra high voltage and nearby the reactors and capacitors are the key control points for occupational health in power grid. There is acute health risk of workers exposed to high accumulative exposure levels.</p>

Economic burden of disease studies in patients with epilepsy / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the various factors affecting the economic burden of disease in patients with epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This research used a multi-stage random sampling method, comprehensive intervention and without intervention of the epilepsy project group conducted a field survey of health examination among patients with epilepsy of 874 (422 cases in intervention group and 452 cases in control group) in Mengzhou, Xiuwu, Yancheng, Yuanhui, Wuyang, Linying, Shaoling, Xinye and Fangcheng. DALY indicators combined with human capital approach was used to measure the economic burden of disease in patients from two aspects of the direct economic burden and indirect economic burden.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of comprehensive intervention group was (43.7 ± 8.5) years old, and it was (44.4 ± 7.2) years old in no intervention control group. The age difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.365). The direct economic burden per capita of the survey was 1019.6 yuan per year, while epilepsy drugs 434.2 yuan per year, 485.2 and 66.4 yuan per year in the intervention group, while 1518.5 and 777.5 yuan per year in the control group. Each object in this study lost (16.67 ± 10.01) DALY, with 8.58 DALY in intervention group and 24.23 DALY in no intervention control group. The per capita indirect economic burden of the intervention and control groups were 68 115.2, 401 036.5 yuan, the per capita total economic burden of disease were 68 600.5, 408 755.0 yuan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that disease duration year of ≥ 37, 30 - 36, 20 - 29, 10 - 19, OR (95%CI) were 4.44 (2.37 - 8.33), 3.32 (1.85 - 5.94), 3.25 (1.90 - 5.56), 2.53 (1.46 - 4.41). If patients with longer duration, the more serious the patient's disease burden. Medication compliance (in order to comply with a good group control) OR (95%CI) was 3.37 (2.34 - 4.83), medication in the single form (serving multi-drug groups for control) OR (95%CI) 0.41 (0.29 - 0.59). Serving a single agent and good compliance of economic burden of disease were lighter.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Epilepsy caused serious economic damage. Longer duration, medication adherence poor and serving more than medicine by heavier economic burden of disease; comprehensive intervention could reduce the economic burden of disease of patients with epilepsy.</p>

A study on the respiratory mechanics and inflammatory status in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the respiratory mechanics and inflammatory status in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).Methods The arterial blood gases (ABGs),respiratory drive and its derivatives,mechanics of respiratory muscles,resistance and compliance of airway,interleukin-8 (IL-8)and interferon-?(IFN-?)were measured in 42 cases withstable COPD and 40 subjects of normal control.Results The elderly patients with stable COPD had great changes in the following parameters while compared with the control group:peak inspiratory pressure(PIMAX) [(4.48?2.11)vs(6.10?2.91)kPa],maximum expiratory pressure (PEMAX)[(6.30?3.20)vs(9.15?93.30)kPa],0.1s mouth occlusion pressure(P_(0.1)) with its correction index,airway resistance,compliance,ABGs,the levels of IL-8[(218.46?91.14) vs (161.84?14.40)ng/L]and IFN-?[(2435.82?639.92)vs(1652.40?95.08)ng/L],which might aggravate the progress of COPD consistently.Conclusions The elderly patiends with stable COPD has marked changes in respiratory drive,airway resistance,and airway compliance,respiratory mechanic and inflammatory status.The intervention should be performed in the elderly stable COPD patients.