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Objective To investigate the effect of subchronic inhalation of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on oxidative stress damage in rat lung tissue. Methods SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,the rats were placed in a HOPE-MED 8050A movable poison cabinet in a cage.To observe the ultrastructural and histopathology changes of lung tissue in rats.The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in lung tissue were detected. The ultrastructural and histopathological changes were examined. The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time PCR and Western Blot, respectively. Results The body mass, lung tissue mass, and lung organ coefficient of rats in each dose group were lower than those in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion Subchronic inhalation of TDI can cause changes in the pathology and ultrastructure of rat lung tissue, leading to abnormal levels of metabolic enzymes in lung function, thereby inducing oxidative stress damage to the lungs. However, but HO-1 is involved in oxidative stress damage in the lungs induced by TDI.
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Objective To understand the occurrence characteristics of occupational chemical incidents in China by media surveillance, to provide scientific evidences for formulating effective prevention and control strategies, and to provide new ideas for public surveillance and early warning of chemical incidents. Methods Occupational chemical incidents were collected and sorted through the Internet every day. The statistical analysis was conducted from time, region, industry, and causes of the collected incidents. Results A total of 99 occupational chemical incidents were collected in 2021, involving 356 peoples and 186 deaths. April to July was the high incidence period of events, mainly limited space poisoning and asphyxiation events. Majority of the incidents were general grade events, mainly occurring in small and medium enterprises. Guangdong Province had the most incident reporting areas. Incidents mainly occurred in chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry as well as in water production and supply industry, mainly in manufacturing, cleaning and maintenance positions. The main types of poisons were asphyxiating gases and organic solvents, mainly involving hydrogen sulfide and benzene. The incidents could have been caused by lack of safety awareness, leakage of equipment, and lack of protective measures. Conclusion Occupational chemical incidents still occur frequently and cause serious harm. It is suggested that the relevant departments and employers should strengthen supervision and management, effectively manage and control operational risks, and increase supervision of key industries and positions, to ensure the health and safety of workers.
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Objective To analyze the diagnosis cases of occupational benzene poisoning in gas station industry, and to explore the application of GC-MS technology in occupational disease diagnosis. Methods The epidemiological method was used to describe and analyze the occupational disease diagnosis of 15 gas station workers , and qualitative screening of occupational hazard factors was performed by GC-MS. Results All the 15 workers had more than one year's occupation history of oil refueling and unloading. The clinical manifestations were consistent with the characteristics of chronic benzene poisoning in diagnosis of occupational benzene poisoning. However, due to lack of evidence of occupational exposure to benzene and incomplete diagnostic data, occupational chronic benzene poisoning was not diagnosed. GC-MS technology was used to screen the occupational hazard factors in the gas station workplace, and benzene, n-pentane, n-hexane and so on were found. Conclusion GC-MS is recommended for qualitative screening of organic solvents such as benzene when diagnosing occupational diseases for gas station workers , so as to accurately identify occupational hazard factors in workplaces and provide reliable basis for diagnosis of occupational diseases.
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Objective To understand the occupational health status of gas station workers, to analyze the characteristics of early health damage, and to provide a reference for the occupational health monitoring of workers in this industry. Methods The gas station workers who underwent occupational health examination in an occupational health examination institution in Tianjin in 2021were selected as the research subjects. The examination results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 381 gas station workers were included in this study, with a sex ratio of male to female of 1.40:1. The top three tests with abnormal results from high to low were abdominal color Doppler ultrasound (39.63%), urine routine (29.13%), and blood pressure (23.62%). The detected fatty liver accounted for 74.83% of abnormal abdominal color Doppler ultrasound. Analysis of abnormal results of different genders showed that the detection rate of abnormal blood pressure, fatty liver and liver function in males was higher than that in females (χ2=16.40, 25.40, 15.98，P＜0.05), the detection rate of high GGT in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2=16.04，P＜0.05）. The detection rate of abnormal urine routine in females was higher than that in males (χ2=12.85，P＜0.05), and the positive rate of urine white blood cells and blood in urine were significantly higher I women than those in men (χ2 =16.80, 11.66，P＜0.05). The abnormal detection rate of electrocardiogram of gas station workers increased with age (χ2=28.02，P＜0.05), and the abnormality of high blood pressure showed an increasing trend with age and working years（χ2=25.00, 15.26，P＜0.05). Conclusion The long-term exposure of gas station workers to chemical toxic substances such as organic solvents and benzene series and physical factors such as high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter will have a certain impact on health. It is suggested that employers should reasonably arrange their work systems and carry out occupational health monitoring in a targeted manner.
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Objective@#To investigate the cause of an incident of occupational contact dermatitis in a farm in Tianjin Prefecture, so as to provide insights into occupational safety.@*Methods@#The disinfection process, use of disinfectants and individual protective measures in this farm were collected, and a field epidemiological investigation was conducted to collect the demographic characteristics, history of occupational contact, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment data, and onset of disease among individuals with the same type of job. The cause of this incident was analyzed.@*Results@#There were ten interns exposed to potassium hydrogen sulfate compounds simultaneously in this farm, and then, nine interns developed skin flushing across the body, and swelling and itching of the skin. Among these ten interns, five individuals were admitted to hospitals because of severe symptoms and were then clinically diagnosed as systemic contact dermatitis. All five individuals were cured following treatments. Epidemiological survey showed that all cases had a definite history of occupational contact with potassium hydrogen sulfate compounds but without use of any protective agents. In addition, there were thirty-five individuals with the same type of job in this farm that developed similar symptoms when they joined in the disinfection for the first time, and these individuals were self-cured following cessation to contact; however, recurrence of symptoms was found following contacts again.@*Conclusion@#This is a cluster of occupational contact dermatitis caused by exposure to potassium hydrogen sulfate compound.
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Objective To investigate the effect of subchronic inhalation of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on the pathological changes, oxidative stress damage, and HO-1 expression levels in rat liver tissues. Methods Forty healthy 3-week-old SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (control group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group), each with 10 rats. The rats were placed in a HOPE-MED 8050A movable poison cabinet in a cage. TDI was administered to animals by inhalation at doses of 0, 3.06 mg/m3, 12.25 mg/m3, and 49.00 mg/m3, respectively, for 6 hours a day and 5 days a week, and continuously for 13 weeks. The control group was exposed to fresh air. The effect of TDI on pathological changes, oxidative stress damage and HO-1 expression in rat liver tissues was examined. Results Compared with the control group, the rats in the medium and high-dose TDI-exposed groups exhibited vacuolar changes, hepatocyte swelling, steatosis and other pathological changes. With the increase of the TDI dose, the gap between hepatocytes was widened, mitochondria were swollen and vacuolated, and mitochondrial cristae disappeared. The expression levels of HO-1 gene and protein in the liver tissues of the low, medium, and high dose groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of HO-1 positive cells in the low, medium and high dose groups increased and the staining increased gradually, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion TDI exposure can cause oxidative damage to rat liver tissues and induce the expression levels of HO-1 gene and protein expression.
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Objective@#To study the effect of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) on liver and kidney function in occupational exposed workers.@*Methods@#Workers in a hair dye production enterprise which used p-phenylenediamine as a raw material for production were selected as the main research population. Then we conducted a questionnaire survey on the basic conditions of workers and conducted occupational health checkups on general health status, liver and kidney function. Occupational health examination assessment results were tested in Taizhou Cancer Hospital. All data was built using EpiData 3.1 software, and statistical analysis was performed using software SPSS 20.0.@*Results@#The liver function indicators including direct bilirubin, prealbumin, total protein, and white protein, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin in the workers exposed to high concentration of PPD were at high normal values, and these indicators were significantly different from low PPD concentration group (P<0.05) . The serum creatinine and serum uric acid in the renal function index were significantly higher in workers exposed to PPD than in workers exposed to low concentrations and in the control group (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Occupational exposed to PPD may have a hazard to the workers’ liver and kidney function. Long-term occupational exposure to PPD may lead to increased cumulative exposure of workers, which may cause potential chronic liver and kidney damage in occupationally exposed populations.
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Objective@#To study the effects p-phenylenediamine (PPD) on lung function and health-related quality of life of occupational exposed workers.@*Methods@#This study was based on data from a company that produce hair dye containing PPD in China. Workers who exposed to PPD were selected as the study group, and workers un-exposed to PPD were selected as the control group. Questionnaires on health-related quality of life of workers using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) . Occupational health examination assessment results were tested in Taizhou Cancer Hospital. The lung function test includes forced vital capacity (FVC) , forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) , and ratio of FEV1.0 to FVC (FEV1.0/FVC) .@*Results@#The difference in systolic blood pressure between the PPD exposed group and the control group was statistically significant (P<0.05) . FVC, FEV1.0, and FEV1.0/FVC of the lung function indexes in the exposed group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) . In the health-related quality of life, body pain (P=0.002) , general health (P=0.029) , vitality (P=0.038) , and mental health (P=0.003) were lower in the exposed group than in the control group.@*Conclusion@#Occupational exposed to PPD may induce hazard to the workers’lung function and may cause detrimental effect on workers’ health-related quality of life.
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Objective@#With the measurement and uncertainty analysis of the power frequency electric field of the main transformer in the power station, the source of uncertainty, its quantitative calculation, the synthetic assessment method and the reporting method of the measurement results are described to ensure the reliability of the power frequency electric field measurement data.@*Methods@#Referring to the "Measurement of power frequency electric field in the workplace" (GBZ/T189.3-2007) , "Labour environment monitoring technological specification of electric power industry Partt7: Monitoring of power frequency electromagnetic fields" (DL/T 799.7-2010) and "Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement" (JJF 1059.1-2012) , the uncertainty of power frequency electric field measurement data of the main transformer of a power plant was analyzed and the extended uncertainty was obtained.@*Results@#The main source of the uncertainty of power frequency electric field measurement was the measurement of repetitive operation, and the expanded uncertainty of power frequency electric field was 0.09 kV/m.@*Conclusion@#When reporting the results of power frequency electric field measurement, the measurement uncertainty should be used simultaneously to quantify the quality of the measurement results. This method has strong practicability and operability, which can meet the requirements of uncertainty evaluation of power frequency electric field measurement results.
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Objective@#To establish a elution solution-liquid chromatography method for determination of p-Phenylene diamine (PPD) in workplace air.@*Methods@#p-Phenylene diamine (PPD) in the air of workplace was collected with glass fiber filters coated with dilute sulfuric acid and extracted with an aqueous EDTA solution. The target toxicant was separated with the C18 column and analyzed with UV detector, identified by retention time, and quantified by peak area.@*Results@#The linear range of PPD in the air of workplace was 2.00~10.00 μg/ml, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 96. The limit of detection was 0.07 μg/ml. The lower limit of quantification was 0.23 μg/ml. The minimum detectable concentration was 0.003 1 mg/m3 under 45.0 L sampling volume and 2.0 ml extraction solution volume. The within-run precision of different PPD concentrations was 0.15%~2.3% and the between-run precisions was 1.4%~2.6%; The extraction efficiencies was 91.4%~95.4%; The average collection efficiencies was 96.6%; The samples could be stored for 7 days isolation of air. The potential coexistence of m-Phenylene diamine and o-Phenylene diamine with p-Phenylene diamine (PPD) in the air did not interfere with the results of determination.@*Conclusion@#This method has high sensitivity, precision, accuracy and lower limit of detection and it is applicable for determination of p-Phenylene diamine (PPD) in workplace air.
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Objective This study is to discuss the effects of cognitive therapy on life quality of rural breast cancer patients during chemotherapy in order to offer evidence for choosing the appropriate therapeutic measures.Methods 120 rural breast cancer patients were equally divided into the intervention group and the control group at random.The usual care plus cognitive treatment was given to the patients in the intervention group for 6 months,while only the usual care after chemotherapy was given to the control group.The quality of life assessments were carried out to both groups on the 5th day during hospitalization,and the first,third and 6th month during recheck period of time,respectively.The treatment effect was observed.Results There were statistical significant difference of the total scire of life quality assessment on the 5th day,the first,third and 6th month,respectively,between the intervention group and the control one after cognitive intervention.The downtrend of total score of quality of life in the intervention group after cognitive intervention was more significant than the control group,which indicated the quality of life of the intervention group was better than the control group. Conclusions Cognitive therapy is an efficient method to enhance the quality of life of rural breast cancer patients during chemotherapy.