High mobility group protein B1 and breast cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a kind of nuclear protein widely existing in cells, which is released or secreted from cells by stress in the body and plays a key role in the survival or death pathways of cells. HMGB1 has a huge biological function and is the main regulator of major diseases such as inflammatory diseases and tumors. HMGB1 is closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and drug resistance of tumor cells. With the continuous deepening of research on HMGB1, it is found that HMGB1 plays an important role in the occurrence, development, metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer. Combined with the research status of HMGB1, the expression of HMGB1 in breast cancer is discussed to provide a new therapeutic scheme for clinical treatment.

Gene Expression Patterns of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Actinic Keratosis: Biomarkers Screening for Skin Disease Diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Actinic keratosis (AK) was an intraepidermal tumor which caused by ultraviolet irradiation-induced skin damage. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to screen biomarkers for development of skin disease by comparing the gene expression profiles between cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and AK. METHODS: GSE45216 with 30 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients and 10 actinic keratosis patients were downloaded and significance analysis of microarrays was processed to screen differently expressed genes (DEGs). Fisher's exact test was processed for DEGs enrichment. Pathway relationship network systematically reflected the signal conduction and synergism between enriched pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Gene co-expression network was constructed according to gene expression data. Quantitative real-time-PCR was used to verify screened biomarkers. RESULTS: Total 410 DEGs were screened and enriched into various functions, such as signal transduction and negative regulation of apoptotic process. They also participated into cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and focal adhesion. The pathway relationship network was constructed with 27 nodes. Hub nodes with higher degree of this network were mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and apoptosis. The gene co-expression network was constructed with 39 nodes. Thereinto, hub node was ELOVL fatty acid elongase. The expression levels of ELOVL4 and HPGD were significantly higher in CSCC samples than that in AK samples, while the expression levels of INHBA and LAMC2 in CSCC samples were significantly lower than that in AK samples. CONCLUSION: These screened genes, including ELOVL4, HPGD, INHBA and LAMC2, played important roles in transformation from AK to CSCC.

Relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients combined with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) combined with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). Methods The clinical data of 168 PTC patients combined with Hashimoto thyroiditis who received radical surgery treatment in Beijing Caner Hospital from November 2013 to July 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Sanger sequence was used to detect the status of BRAF V600E mutation. Then the patients were divided into BRAF V600E mutation positive (the observation group) and the mutation negative group (the control group). The clinicopathological features between the two groups were compared. Results The proportion of gender, age, calcification, lymphatic metastasis and extra gland invasion incidence had no significant difference between the observation group and the control group (χ2= 0.234, 1.139, 0.650, 1.262 and 1.665 respectively, all P＞0.05). Moreover, the differences of tumor size, tumor shape and tumor number in both groups were statistically significant (χ2= 7.071, 3.877 and 6.968 respectively, all P＜ 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no statistical difference between the patients with BRAF V600E mutation or without in tumor number and central lymph node metastasis ( OR= 0.263, 95 % CI 0.049-1.402, P=0.118; OR=2.152, 95 % CI 0.666-6.956, P=0.200). Conclusion BRAF V600E mutation has no significant effect on clinicopathological features of PTC patients combined with CLT.

Effects of expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 45α interfered by small interference RNA on the invasion and migration of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431 / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate effects of targeted silencing of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 45α (Gadd45α) by small interference RNA (siRNA) on the invasion and migration of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431.Methods Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of A431 and Colon16 cells respectively,and then A431 cells with highly expressed Gadd45α served as a research object.Cultured A431 cells were divided into 3 groups:experimental group transfected with Gadd45α-siRNA-1,negative control group transfected with negative control siRNA,and blank control group receiving no treatment.After the RNA interference,the mRNA and protein expression of Gadd45α in the above 3 groups were measured by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis,respectively,and the effect of the RNA interference on the invasion and migration abilities of A431 cells was evaluated by Transwell and wound scratch assays.Results Gadd45α mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the A431 cells.After the RNA interference,the experimental group showed markedly lower mRNA and protein expressions of Gadd45 in the A431 cells (0.286 ± 0.013,0.33 ± 0.007,respectively) compared with the negative control group (1.028 ± 0.183,0.87 ± 0.002,respectively)and blank control group (1.001 ± 0.057,0.86 ± 0.004,respectively),and there were significant differences in the mRNA and protein expressions of Gadd45 among the 3 groups (F =5 893.857,2 763.000,both P ＜ 0.001).The number of A431 cells crossing the polycarbonate membrane was higher in the experimental group (66.33 ± 3.79) than in the negative control group (26.00 ± 4.36) and the blank control group (28.33 ± 4.16),and there was a significant difference among the 3 groups (F =20.084,P =0.002).Moreover,the wound scratch assay showed that the number of migrating A431 cells per high-power field was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the negative control group and the blank control group (315.33 ± 6.66,154.67 ± 2.08,130.67 ± 3.51 respectively;F =1 676.255,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Gadd45α is highly expressed in the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431,and targeted silencing of Gadd45α gene can enhance the in vitro invasion and migration abilities of A431 cells.

Effect of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy on the expression of protein kinase D1 and its phosphorylation sites in a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431 / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the expression of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431,and to explore the mechanism underlying ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis of A431 ceils.Methods A431 cells were cultured in vitro,and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to select the optimal combination of ALA concentration and PDT dose with the strongest proliferation inhibitory effect.A431 ceils at exponential growth phase were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group receiving no treatment,ALA group treated with ALA solution alone,PDT group treated with PDT alone,and ALA-PDT group treated firstly with ALA solution and then with PDT.After 12-,24-,36-and 48-hour additional culture,CCK-8 assay was conducted to evaluate the cellular proliferation inhibition,and the apoptosis rate at the time point of the strongest proliferation inhibitory effect was measured by flow cytometry.RT-PCR was performed to determine the expression of protein kinase D1 gene (PRKD1) in A431 cells at different time points after the ALA-PDT treatment,and Western blot analysis to measure protein expression of PKD 1 and its phosphorylation at Tyr463 (pTyr463) and Ser916 (pSer916) in A431 cells.Results The combination of ALA at the concentration of 1.5 mmol/L with PDT at an irradiation dose of 2 J/cm2 was optimal due to its strongest proliferation inhibitory effect.After 12-,24-,36-and 48-hour additional culture,there were significant differences in the proliferation inhibition rate among the 4 groups (F =39.56,P ＜ 0.05).At 24 hours after the treatment,the ALA-PDT group showed significantly higher proliferation inhibition rate (46.26％ ± 1.25％) compared with the ALA group (14.65％ ± 0.33％,P ＜ 0.05),PDT group (14.96％ ± 0.68％,P ＜ 0.05) and control group (11.98％ ± 0.32％,P ＜ 0.05),as well as compared with that at 12 hours (P ＜ 0.05).At 24 hours after the treatment,the apoptosis rate significantly differed among the 4 groups (F =16.32,P ＜ 0.05),and the ALA-PDT group showed a significantly higher apoptosis rate (41.92％ ± 3.23％) compared with the control group (4.67％ ± 0.88％,P ＜ 0.05),ALA group (7.02％ ± 1.52％,P ＜ 0.05) and PDT group (8.37％ ± 0.59％,P ＜ 0.05).At 0,6,12,24,36 and 48 hours after the treatment,there were significant differences in the mRNA expression of PRKD 1 among the 4 groups (F =22.24,P ＜ 0.05),and the mRNA expression of PRKD1 at 24 hours was significantly lower than that at 0,6,12 hours (all P ＜ 0.05),but was not significantly different from that at 36 and 48 hours (both P ＞ 0.05).No significant difference in the Ser916-phosphorylated PKD1 expression was found among the 4 groups (F =1.53,P ＞ 0.05),while there were significant differences in the expression of PKD1 and Tyr463-phosphorylated PKD 1 among the 4 groups (F =10.04,8.27,both P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,the ALA-PDT group showed significantly lower expression of PKD 1 and Tyr463-phosphorylated PKD 1 compared with the control group,ALA group and PDT group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PKD1 may be involved in the photochemical process of A431 cell apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT,and may promote the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma by Tyr463 phosphorylation.

Inhibitory effects of tanshinone ⅡA on migration and invasion of melanoma cells and their mechanisms / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate effects of tanshinone ⅡAon the invasion and migration of melanoma A375 cells,as well as on the mRNA and protein expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7).Methods In vitro cultured A375 cells were divided into 4 groups to be treated with tanshinone ⅡA at different concentrations of 1,2 and 4 mg/L,and 0.1％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (control group) for 48 hours,respectively.Wound scratch assay and Transwell invasion assay were conducted to estimate the migratory and invasive abilities of A375 cells,respectively,and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis to determine the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7 in A375 cells,respectively.Results After 48-hour treatment,the 1-,2-and 4-mg/L tanshinone ⅡA groups showed significantly decreased number of A375 cells crossing the polycarbonate membrane per high-power field (× 200) (71.00 ± 4.00,51.00-± 2.00 and 37.00 ± 3.61,respectively) in Transwell invasion assay,as well as decreased number of A375 cells migrating to the scratch zone (301 ± 3.00,253.00 ± 3.61 and 126.00 ± 7.00,respectively) in wound scratch assay,compared with the control group (105.33 ± 6.51,332.00 ± 6.24,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7 was significantly lower in the 1-,2-and 4-mg/L tanshinone ⅡA groups than in the control groups (CXCR7 mRNA:0.63-± 0.04,0.44 ± 0.02 and 0.31 ± 0.01 vs.1.00 ± 0.02;CXCR7 protein:0.573 ± 0.015,0.416 ± 0.011 and 0.260-± 0.055 vs.0.9000 ± 0.010;all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,inhibitory effects of tanshinone ⅡA on the migration and invasion of A375 cells,as well as on the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7,were significantly enhanced with the increase of tanshinone ⅡA concentrations (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA can inhibit the migratory and invasive abilities of melanoma A375 cells by down-regulating CXCR7 expression.

Expression of protein kinase D1 and its phosphorylation at tyr463 and ser916 in squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease and actinic keratosis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To measure the expression of protein kinase D1 (PKD1),tyr463-phosphorylaed PKD1 (pPKD1-tyr463) and ser916-phos-phorylaed PKD1 (pPKD1-ser916) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC),Bowen's disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK),and to explore their significance.Methods Fresh tissue samples were resected from lesions of patients with SCC (SCC group),BD (BD group) and AK (AK group),as well as from normal skin of healthy human controls (control group),and each group had a sample size of 10.Real-time RT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression of protein kinase D1 gene (PRKD1),and Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of PKD1,pPKD1-tyr463 and pPKD1-ser916.In addition,immunohistochemical study was conducted to determine the expression of PKD1,pPKD1-tyr463 and pPKD1-ser916 in another 50 paraffin-embedded skin samples of SCC,20 samples of BD,20 samples of AK and 10 normal skin samples.Results PRKD1 mRNA expression significantly differed among the control group (0.64 ± 0.09),SCC group (5.37 ± 1.06),BD group (2.69 ± 0.72) and AK group (2.43 ± 0.46) (F =21.37,P ＜ 0.05),and was significantly higher in the SCC,BD and AK groups than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),as well as in the SCC group than that in the AK and BD groups (both P ＜ 0.05).However,no significant difference in the PRKD1 mRNA expression was observed between the BD group and AK group (P ＞ 0.05).Immunohistochemical study showed that the total PKD1 protein and pPKD1-tyr463 in the SCC and BD groups were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of spinous layer cells and atypical cells,and their expression rates were significantly higher than those in the AK group and control group (all P ＜ 0.01).The pPKD1-ser916 was only slightly expressed in some cancer nests of well-differentiated SCC tissues,but not in poorly-differentiated SCC,AK,BD tissues and normal skin tissues.In the SCC group,the expression rate of PKD1 increased with the increase of the pathological grade of SCC,and the PKD1 expression was positively correlated with pPKD1-tyr463 expression (rcc =0.479,P ＜ 0.05).Western blot results were consistent with immunohistochemical findings.Conclusion PKD1 and pPKD1-tyr463 may be involved in the development and differentiation of skin tumors derived from stratified squamous epithelium,and PKD1 may exert promotive effects on the formation of cutaneous SCC by activating the Tyr463 phosphorylation site.

In vitro effects of tanshinone ⅡA on autophagy of A375 melanoma cells and related signaling pathway / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate in vitro effects of tanshinoneⅡA on the autophagy of A375 melanoma cells and related signaling pathway. Methods Some cultured A375 cells were divided into 5 groups to be treated with tanshinoneⅡA at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L, and DMEM containing 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively, for 24, 48, 72 hours. Methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to estimate the proliferative activity of A375 cells. Some cultured A375 cells were divided into 4 groups to be treated with 1, 2 and 4 mg/L tanshinone ⅡA(1?, 2?and 4?mg/L tanshinone group), and DMEM containing 0.1% DMSO (control group), respectively, for 48 hours. Then, flow cytometry was conducted to count autophagosome?positive cells, and Western blot analysis to determine protein expression of autophagy?associated proteins Beclin?1, microtubule?associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)?Ⅱ, phosphatidylinositol 3?kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1(p70S6K1). Results MTT assay showed that 24?, 48?, 72?hour treatments with tanshinone ⅡA at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L all could inhibit the proliferative activity of A375 cells, and the inhibitory effects increased in a dose? and time?dependent manner(F = 2 564.12, 1 235.25, both P < 0.05). The percentage of autophagosome?positive cells and protein expression of Beclin?1 and LC3?Ⅱincreased gradually and significantly in the 1?, 2?and 4?mg/L tanshinone groups(autophagosome?positive cells: 6.91% ± 0.35%, 13.11% ± 0.73%, 25.51% ± 0.83%, respectively; Beclin?1: 0.33 ± 0.01, 0.53 ± 0.04, 0.63 ± 0.02, respectively; LC3?Ⅱ: 0.41 ± 0.01, 0.52 ± 0.02, 0.64 ± 0.02, respectively), after 48?hour treatment, which were significantly different between the tanshinone groups(all P<0.05), and higher in the tanshinone groups than in the control group(0.41%±0.02%;0.09 ± 0.02;0.21 ± 0.01, all P<0.05). However, the protein expression of PI3K, phosphorylated Akt(p?Akt), p?mTOR and p?p70S6K1 in the PI3K?Akt?mTOR?p70S6K1 signaling pathway decreased gradually and significantly with the increase in tanshinone concentrations after 48?hour treatment, and were significantly lower in all the tanshinone groups than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA can promote the auophagy of A375 cells, likely by blocking the PI3K?Akt?mtTOR?p70S6K1 signaling pathway.

Establishment of a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma induced by 7,12-DMBA, croton oil and narrow-band ultraviolet B irradiation / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To establish a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (7,12-DMBA)/croton oil and narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) irradiation.Methods A total of fifty 6-8-week old BALB/c mice (male:female 1:1) were randomly divided into three experimental groups.The group A was treated with chemical carcinogens alone, group B was treated with NB-UVB alone, and group C was treated with chemical carcinogens plus NB-UVB.The general status and skin appearance of mice were observed during the experiment.The survival rate and tumor formation rate of each group was calculated at weeks 5, 10, 15, and 20. Pathological examination was carried out to observe the histological changes of skin lesions.Results Papules measuring≥l mm in diameter began to develop in some mice of the group C at 5 weeks after the first treatment with chemical carcinogens.The tumor formation rates at 20 weeks after treatment were 86.67%, 7.14%, 94.12%in the groups A, B, C, respectively.Pathological examination revealed characteristic changes of squamous cell carcinoma in 13.34%, 0%, 70.59%of the mice in the group A, B, C, respectively.Conclusions Establishment of a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma induced by 7,12-DMBA/croton oil and NB-UVB is a better method than treated with chemical carcinogens alone or NB-UVB alone.This method can increase the tumor formation rate and incidence rate of SCC, and within a shorter period.

Relationship and clinical significance between mutated BRAF with prophylactic cen-tral-neck nodal dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To evaluate the molecular diagnosis marker of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC),the relationship between lymphatic metastasis of central neck compartment PTC,and the opera-tion indication of prophylactic central neck dissection.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study, including 275 PTC patients and detected their BRAF mutation rates during 201 2 and 201 4 and explored the risk factors of the central node lymphatic metastasis by Logistic regression model.Results:Of the 275 PTC patients,224 (81 .5%)were female and 51 (1 8.5%)were male.BRAF mutational rates were 53.8% (1 48 /275)and lymphatic metastasis 57.8% (1 59 /275).Multivariate analysis showed calcifica-tion (ORadjusted =1 .47,95%CI:1 .1 0 -1 .98,P =0.01 ),tumor diameter (ORadjusted =1 .48,95%CI:1 .04 -2.30,P =0.048)and age (ORadjusted =1 .48,95%CI:1 .04 -2.30,P =0.048)were associa-ted with lymphatic metastasis.In stratified analysis,BRAF mutation (ORadjusted =3.1 9,95%CI:1 .1 8 -9.43,P =0.023 )in clear boarder group and BRAF mutation (ORadjusted =4.84,95% CI:1 .68 -1 3.84,P =0.003)in calcification group were more likely to have lymphatic metastases.Conclusion:Central neck metastasis takes up a high ratio in papillary thyroid cancer patients,BRAF mutation in pa-pillary thyroid carcinoma is a characteristic molecular event.Furthermore,patients with calcification un-der ultrasound detection,lower age group and longer tumor diameter are more susceptible to suffer central neck metastasis.Especially for stratified analysis,non-calcified BRAF mutation or BRAF mutation with clear border under ultrasound detection are more susceptible to suffer central neck metastasis,and radical prophylactic central neck dissection should be carried on for these patients.

Construction and Thinking of National Health Information Security Project / 医学信息学杂志

〔Abstract〕 The paper introduces the characteristics, methods and achivements of regional health informatization construction of Luoy-ang health information security project, overviews the construction ideas of regional informatization, providing basis for future development and references for similar projects implementation.

Side selection of the pterional approach for anterosuperior-pointing anterior communicating artery aneu-rysms / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the difficulty, safety and clinical efficacy of the pterional approach from the side of open A2 plane vs the approach from the side of closed A2 plane for anterosuperior-pointing anterior communicat?ing artery aneurysms (ACoAA). Methods Forty-two patients with anterosuperior-pointing ACoAA treated by microsurgi?cal clipping were divided into two groups of the approach from the side of open A2 plane (n=22) and the approach from the side of closed A2 plane (n=20). Primary objective endpoints were rates of gyrus rectus aspiration, displacement of the ipsilateral A2 and surgical-related complications, clipping results, incidence of cognitive function impairment and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6 months after treatment. Results The incidence of gyrus rectus aspiration and dis?placement of the ipsilateral A2, cognitive impairment at 6 months after treatment and the surgical-related complications was also significant lower in the approach from the side of open A2 plane than in the approach from the side of closed A2 plane [4(18.2%) cases vs. 11(55.0%) cases, χ2=6.185, P0.05). Conclusions The pterional approach from the side of open A2 plane in patients with anterosuperior-pointing ACoAA allows the aneurysmal necks to be secured safely, decreases operation difficulty and prevents surgical-related complications.

Examination of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF α levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and their relationship with systemic inflamatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and their relationship with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).Methods The levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and TNF α in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNFα in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage were significantly higher than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05),but the increased time of these cytokines was different.Three cytokines in serum and the cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-1β and IL-6 but not TNFα were significantly related to SIRS and MODS.Condusions The increased cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage may be related to SIRS and MODS,and the measurement of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNFαin serum,and IL-1β and IL-6 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage can be useful to predict and treat SIRS and MODS.

Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus types-16 and-18 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the relationship between human papilloma virus(HPV)infection and the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).Methods To elucidate the role of HPV in the development of LSCC,we employed polymerase chain reaction(PCR)based on four pairs of primers an4 in situ hybridization(ISH)to screen the HPV infection in 84 ISCC tissues.Results Using HPV L1 general primer amplification,HPV DNA was detected in 23(27.4%)of the 84 LSCC samples.However,when specific primers for HPV-16 or-18 were used to amplify E6 and E7 in all samples,29 cases(34.5%)were positive for HPV-16,while 6 cases(7.1%)were positive for HPV 18.Coinfeetion of HPV-16 and-18 were found in 4cases (4.8%).Overall,HPV type 16 and 18 infections were present in 36.9% of the LSCC samples.In addition,the positive rate of HPV 16 E6 mRNA was 30.9%(26/84)in LSCC by ISH with digoxin-labeled sense probes of HPV 16 E6.Conclusion High-risk HPV-16may be an etiologic factor in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, while the complicated molecular mechanism of HPV16 inducedtumorgenesis needs a further study.

The study on the expression of NF-κB in tumor associated inflammatory tissues in patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngima / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression in tumor associated inflammation in patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngima..Methods Fifty-four patients (31 male and 23 female) with craniopharyngioma from 3 to 66 years of age were recruited from May 2004 to March 2006.NF-κB and Osteopontin (OPN) expression in human craniopharyngiomas were detected using immunohistochemical staining.High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a systemic marker of inflammation, was examined in patients' tumor hydatid fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and serum.Results NF-κB expression was significantly increased in the adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.Spearman;s correlation analysis demonstrated that NF-κB expression was associated with OPN expression.The hs-CRP level was also increased in the tumor hydatid fluid (4.28±0.90 mg/mL), cerebrospinal fluid (0.035±0.006 mg/mL) and serum (1.72±0.54 mg/mL) in patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.Conclusions NF-kappa B is closely associated with tumor associated inflammation which further mediates adhesion of tumor to surrounding important structures in patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.

Bilaterial drainages below the near total thyroidectomy incision / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To design a new draining method for near total thyroidectomy. METHODS Bilateral drainages were performed during near total thyroidectomy in 63 cases between December 1998 and July 2004.The bilateral drain incision for near total thyroidectomy was performed at the lower part of the neck.RESULTS All the draining operative procedures produced cosmetic scars and the drainage was effective.The mean amount of drainage was 38 ml(minimum 10 ml,maximum 120 ml)and no patients developed wound infection. Postoperative drain incision was limited under the clavicle,covered by the collar and left the patients satisfied with the results.There were no postoperative hematoma or seroma.CONCLUSION The bilateral drain incision for near total thyroidectomy placed at the lower part of the neck results in a cosmetic scar, which is easily covered by the collar and was safe and effective.