Quality evaluation of Astmgali radix based on multivariate statistical analysis / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of using multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate the quality of Astmgali radix from different habitats. Methods:The contents of Astragaloside saponinⅠ, Astragalus saponin Ⅱ, Astragaloside Ⅲ and Astragaloside A were determined by UPLC-ELSD. The components of astragalus saponins from different habitats were analyzed by TOPSIS and cluster thermogram.Results:TOPSIS analysis showed that the comprehensive quality of Astmgali radix samples from Shanxi, Gansu and Inner Mongolia was related(were 0.297 3, 0.346 0, 0.322 5), and the whole quality of S13 and S14 from Shanxi and N5 from Inner Mongolia were higher than others. Cluster thermogram showed that Astmgali radix was grouped into three groups according to region, and the quality difference of Astmgali radix was mainly reflected on Astragaloside saponinⅠand Astragalus saponin Ⅱ. Conclusions:The theory of multivariate statistical analysis is perfect, objective and reliable. It can be used as a reference for comprehensive quality evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), selection of excellent germplasm resources and traceability of origin of TCM.

Hybrid polymer biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration / 医学前沿

Native tissues possess unparalleled physiochemical and biological functions, which can be attributed to their hybrid polymer composition and intrinsic bioactivity. However, there are also various concerns or limitations over the use of natural materials derived from animals or cadavers, including the potential immunogenicity, pathogen transmission, batch to batch consistence and mismatch in properties for various applications. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in developing degradable hybrid polymer biomaterials with controlled properties for highly efficient biomedical applications. There have been efforts to mimic the extracellular protein structure such as nanofibrous and composite scaffolds, to functionalize scaffold surface for improved cellular interaction, to incorporate controlled biomolecule release capacity to impart biological signaling, and to vary physical properties of scaffolds to regulate cellular behavior. In this review, we highlight the design and synthesis of degradable hybrid polymer biomaterials and focus on recent developments in osteoconductive, elastomeric, photoluminescent and electroactive hybrid polymers. The review further exemplifies their applications for bone tissue regeneration.

Resource Investigation for Endangered Wild Ferula sinkiangensis Based on Low Altitude Remote Sensing / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

As the specific endangered medicinal plant in Xinjiang, resources and distribution of Ferula sinkiangen-sis are important for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of Chinese medicine resources. The spa-tial distribution and resources of F. sinkiangensis were researched based on low altitude remote sensing and sample investigation. The results showed that the optimum working time for F. sinkiangensis monitoring by low altitude remote sensing was the nearby 5 hills, which covered about 0.88 km2. It was suggested that the fence area should be expanded for protection. According to the results of low altitude remote sensing, the amount of F. sinkiangensis in yellow (diameter exceeding 0.3 m) was about 3 191. However, the sample investigation on amount of F. sinkiangensis in yellow (diameter exceeding 0.3 m) was about 2 752. The error between them was 14%. The monitoring time and range for F. sinkiangensis by low altitude remote sensing were also ensured. It was concluded that low altitude re-mote sensing had the advantage of quickly receiving distribution situation of F. sinkiangensis, which can effectively evaluate dynamic changes of F. sinkiangensis in Xinjiang.

The compounds from n-butanol fraction of Alpinia oxyphylla / 药学学报

Nine compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of 95% ethanol extract of the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. with a combination of various chromatographic approaches, including MDS resin, silica gel, reverse phase C18 and preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, they were elucidated as (1R, 4R, 10R)-1β, 4α-dihydroxy-11, 12, 13-trinor-5, 6-eudesmen-7-one (1), 1β, 4β-dihydroxy-11, 12, 13-trinor-8, 9-eudesmen-7-one (2), oxyphyllenone A (3), oxyphyllenone B (4), rhamnocitrin (5), staphylionoside D (6), benzyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1S)-phenylethylene glycol (8), and (S)-1-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (9). Among them, compound 1 is a new sesquiterpene, named as oxyphyllenone C; compounds 8 and 9 are new natural products; compounds 2 and 6 were isolated from the genus Alpinia for the first time, and compound 7 was isolated from A. oxyphylla for the first time.

Advances of studies on new technology and method for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials / 中国中药杂志

In this review, the authors summarized the new technologies and methods for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials, including molecular identification, chemical identification, morphological identification, microscopic identification and identification based on biological effects. The authors introduced the principle, characteristics, application and prospect on each new technology or method and compared their advantages and disadvantages. In general, new methods make the result more objective and accurate. DNA barcoding technique and spectroscopy identification have their owner obvious strongpoint in universality and digitalization. In the near future, the two techniques are promising to be the main trend for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The identification techniques based on microscopy, liquid chromatography, PCR, biological effects and DNA chip will be indispensable supplements. However, the bionic identification technology is just placed in the developing stage at present.

The HPLC determination of the content of magnoflorine in main species of Epimedii Herba / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the content of magnoflorine in main species of Epimedii Herba.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ultrasonic extraction, HPLC analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of magnoflorine of Epimedium leaves range between 0.0029% and 1.688%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The content of magnoflorine of Epimedium show large differences between species but relatively stable within the species, E. koreanum Nakai is the highest one and E. brevicornu is the lowest.</p>

Molecular methods for authentication of Chinese medicinal materials / 中国中药杂志

The resource authentication is required for quality assurance and control of Chinese medicine. This review provides an informative introduction to molecular methods used for authentication of Chinese medicinal materials. The technical features of the methods based on sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization are described, merits and demerits and development of the molecular methods in identification of Chinese medicinal materials are discussed.

Distribution and influencing factors of magnoflorine in Epimedium / 中国中药杂志

Eighty samples of Epimedium from 29 species and were determined in this study. The content of magnoflorine in leaves range between 0. 003% and 2. 603%. The results showed that the content of magnoflorine was quite stable within species except E. wushanense, E. acuminatum, E. hunanense. Genetic factors might be the main influencing ones. The contents of different parts and different collecting time of the medicinal materials were variable.

Determination of saponins in Dipsaci Radix by HILIC-HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HILIC-HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of three main active triterpenoid saponins including dipsacus asponin VI, dipsacus asponin X and dipsacus asponin XII. To evaluate the medical material from various habitats in China, different commercial grades or parts of plant.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC was conducted on Venusil HILIC column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase at 25 degrees C, which was in gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1); and the detection wavelength was 203 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of dipsacus asponin VI, X and XII were 0.77%-14.31%, 0.39%-3.19% and 0.41%-1.49% respectively in different provinces of China, that were related to locations. The contents of saponins from Yunnan and Sichuan provinces were higer than those of Hubei and Guizhou. Thick roots, which were high-class products, contained less saponins than thin ones. In addition, the contents of stem, residual parts of stem and fibrous roots were fewer than main roots.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is simple, sensitive and accurate. It could be used to determine the contents of dipsacus asponin VI, X, XII and evaluate the quality of dipsacus asperoides.</p>

Market investigation report on Epimedium material drugs and decoction pieces / 中国中药杂志

According to the survey on 7 medicinal material markets, 15 factories of Chinese materia medica slices, 27 medicine shops and 110 samples collected, this report anglyzed and summarized, the sources, provenances, characters of crude drugs, characters of decocting slices and merchandise circulation of Epimedium material drugs and decoction pieces.

Molecular authentication of medicinal Epimedium species--a case of diagnostic PCR authentication of Epimedium koreanum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the allele-specific diagnostic PCR methods for Epimedium koreanum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>ITS of eight medicinal Epimedium species were sequenced and downloaded from GenBank, and aligned to find the specific sites in E. koreanum. The diagnostic primers were designed based on the sites, and used to amplify all the samples, then verified with the crude drugs and decoction pieces from market.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>Two pairs of allele-specific diagnostic primers were successfully used to indentify E. koreanum from other medicinal species, and also can be used to identify the crude drugs and decoction pieces.</p>

Analysis of bioactive flavonoids and resources research of main Herba Epimedii species from different origins / 中国药科大学学报

Herba Epimedii (named Yinyanghuo in Chinese) of the family Berberidaceae is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) recorded in the pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.Total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE) are considered to be its active components.TFE content was measured by ultraviolet method and its representative constituents,icariin and epimedin C,were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The test results from 36 samples of 4 species showed that the contents differed significantly in different species.The average data of the summation (icariin and epimedin C) content were 20.83,7.61,14.43,23.29 mg/g in Epimedium pubescens Maxim.,E.koreanum Nakai.,E.brevicornum Maxim.,E.sagittatum (Sieb.Et Zucc.) Maxim.,respectively.Both E.sagittatum and E.pubescens performed better than the other two batches.E.sagittatum hardly has any circulation in Chinese herbal medicine market.The results showed that E.pubescens,which had much more amounts of icariin,epimedin C and TFE than those of other species,has a better quality and may be considered as potential anti-osteoporosis drug.

Comparative studies on content of arbutin, bergenin and catechin in different part of Bergenia purpurascens and B. crassifolia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a HPLC method for the determination of arbutin, bergenin and catechin in Chinese herb Bergenia, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the quality and reasonable utilization of the herb.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC analysis was achieved by using a C18 column and methanol-water as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1), and detected by UV at 275 nm. The contents of arbutin, bergenin and catechin in the different parts of axial root, fibrous root and blade from Bergenia purpurascens and B. crassifolia.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of arbutin, bergenin and catechin have a few difference in B. purpurascens and B. crassifolia, and varies significantly in the different part of axial root, fibrous root and blade from some species. The contents of bergenin are higher in axial root, fibrous root, and the content of arbutin is higher in blade.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This HPLC method can be used to determine simultaneously the content of arbutin, bergenin and catechin, and can establish a foundation for scientific study and evaluating the quality of species in Bergenia.</p>

Ecological environment of cultivated Astragali radix and market specification of prepared slices / 中国中药杂志

Astragali Radix is derived from roots of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and A. membranaceus. The exhaustion of wild Astragali Radix has made cultivated Astragali Radix possess the commercial market of Astragali Radix. So the ecological environment of cultivated Astragali Radix should be investigated through field survey. Through investigation, we found that A. membranaceus var. mongholicus are cultivated in Hengshan mountain of Shanxi province, Longnan of Gansu province, south of Inner Mongolia and Qinghai provinces. A. membranaceus var. mongholicus is almost planted on the plain, except in Shanxi province it grows on the sunny side of the mountain. What is more, soil type, elevation, annual temperature and annual rainfall of these locations are different. So the ecological environments of cultivated location of Astragali Radix are different from each other. A. membranaceus is wild in Heilongjiang and northeast of Inner Mongolia, but the resource is drying up. It is also planted in few places of the provinces of Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Gansu, but cultivated scope of A. membranaceus is smaller than A. membranaceus var. mongholicus.. So A. membranaceus var. mongholicus possesses large part of Astragali Radix market. In market, there exists no unified specification fro slices of Astragali Radix, and specification of prepared slices will influence the contents of chemical components. Through investigation, different kind of prepared slices can be collected and compared, this provides evidences for quality control of prepared slices. Through investigation, five different specifications of prepared slices were found in market. The distributions of some specification of prepared slices are specified, like transverseprepared slices prepared from A. membranaceus only found in Heilongjiang province. Transverse prepared slices possess half part of prepared slice market, and can be used to identify original plant of Astragali Radix. So transverse prepared slices should be the unified specification of Astragali Radix.

Quantitive variation of polysaccharides content in cultivated Dendrobium candidum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal the variation content of polysaccharides in cultivated Dendrobium candidum and the relationship between germplasms, harvesting and polysaccharides content for the breeding of quality of D. candidium.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The morphological characteristics were recorded when 33 samples were collected. The content of polysaccharides was determined by phenol-sulphuric acid method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The average content of polysaccharides in 2-year-old samples was 34.47% (25.63%-41.65%). The polysaccharides content of samples were significantly different among germplasms and physiological ages.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polysaccharides content of cultivated D. candidum is higher than that of wild materials. Germplasms and physiological age impact on the polysaccharides content significantly. D. candidum breeding and the control of harvesting can increase polysaccharides content.</p>

Macroscopic analysis on production and marketing of medicinal material resources for sustainable development / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, the production and marketing of medicinal materials of plant origin are sorted and analyzed. The total annual yield and total output value are presented. The resources sustainable development is discussed by three aspects, i.e., the yield Top 60 items, rare and endangered species and several wild drugs should be deeply concerned. Relevant measures and implementation are recommended respectively.

Determination of contents of tripterine in Tripterygii preparations / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the HPLC method of determining the contents of tripterine in Tripterygii preparations purchased from drugstores.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>An external standard method by HPLC with Hanbon Kromasil C18 column as fixed phase and methanol-1% HAc (83:17) as mobile phase was adopted. The detection wavelength was 425 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of tripterine in TWH F. tablets were between 89.04 and 344.0 microg/tablet, and is higher than those in TWH F. polyglycosidium (14.98-217.80 microg/tablet) and Kunmingshanhaitang tablets (22.32 microg/tablet).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The contents of tripterine, in different Tripterygium preparations vary significantly, and in Tripterygium preparations from different manufacturers and different production lots are being remarkable discrepancy. So it is necessary to enhance quality monitoring and to establish the rational quality control standard for Tripterygii preparations.</p>

Sampling in quality control of medicinal materials-A case of Epimedium / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of the different individual number of sampling on the assay results of the medicinal materials.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Epimedium pubescens and E. brevicornu were used as samples. The 6 sampling levels were formulated as 1 individual, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 individuals mix, each level with 3 parallels and 1 individual level5 parallels. The contents of epimedin C and icariin, and the peak areas of epimedin A, epimedin B, rhamnosyl icarisid II and icarisid II in all samples were analyzed by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The variation degree varied with species and chemical constituents, but the RSD and the deviation from the true value decreased with the increase of individual number on the same chemical constituent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The sampling number should be more than 10 individuals in quality control of Epimedium, and 50 or more individuals would be better for representing the quality of medicinal materials.</p>

RESEARCH ON DNA MOLECULAR MARKER OF MAGNOLIA OFFICINALIS REHD. ET WILS. RAPD STUDY ON CERTIFIED SPECIES / 药学学报

AIM　To discuss the intraspecific relationship in Magnolia officinalis and the genuineness of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis, and to find some DNA characters of certified “Houpo”. METHODS　Thirty-three samples from eleven locations, which can represent most of the distribution of M.officinalis, were selected. The total DNA was extracted. Severty-four random primers were tried to get good amplification. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen bands amplified from seventeen primers, were clustered by NTSYS-pc software. Three branches were obtained. Some distinctive primers and bands, which represent certified species or fine breed, were obtained also. CONCLUSION　1) M.officinalis should be divided into three geographic clans instead of two subspecies or varieties, they are, a) typical officinalis, b) typical biloba and c) Middle type. This conclusion agrees with the leaf form and other characters. 2) The genetic difference between “Chuanpo” and “Wenpo” is evident and the difference is in correspondence with the quantities of their chemical constituents. So, the genetic difference is the main reason of the genuineness of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis. 3) These results may be used to establish DNA database for identification of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis.

Quantitative Analysis of Total Flavonoids and Icariin in"Xianlinggubao Capsule" / 中草药

Icariin and total flavonoids in "Xianlinggubao Capsule", a Chinese herbal preparationcontaining Epimedium L. as the main ingredient for the treatment of osteoporosis, were determined quan-titatively by HPLC and UV spectrophotometry respectively. It was found that the contents of icariin were4.16～27.67 mg/g and that of flavonoids were 62. 56～109.78 mg/g. The recoveries were 96.17% and103.58% respectively. The method could be used for the quality control of the drug.