ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control. Methods Administrative villages were sampled using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, and all residents at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled villages were screened for echinococcosis, and schools were sampled using a cluster sampling method, and all children at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled schools were screened for echinococcosis. Domestic dogs were sampled using a systematic random sampling method, and one domestic dog stool sample was collected from each household. Stray dog stool samples were collected outside the villages, and Echinococcus coproantigens were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in domestic and stray dogs. In addition, echinococcosis was screened in sheep and cattle in designated slaughterhouses in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County. The trends in the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans and livestock and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs were examined with the Cochran-Armitage trend test. In addition, individuals screened for echinococcosis were randomly sampled from 2007 to 2022 for survey on the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge. Results A total of 290 356 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among residents at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 094 residents detected with cystic echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ2 = 358.602, P < 0.001). A total of 32 931 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 296 children detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ2 = 267.673, P < 0.001). A total of 33 230 domestic dog stool samples were tested for Echinococcus coproantigens in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 777 Echinococcus coproantigens-positive samples tested, and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens appeared a tendency towards a decline in domestic dogs over years (χ2 = 2 210.428, P < 0.001), while the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens showed a tendency towards a rise in domestic animals from 2016 to 2022 (χ2 = 37.745, P < 0.001). The positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens remained relatively stable in stray dogs in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022 (χ2 = 0.315, P = 0.575). A total of 10 973 sheep were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2007 to 2022, with 334 sheep detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline in sheep over years (χ2 = 53.579, P < 0.001); however, there was no significant change in the detection of echinococcosis during the period from 2015 through 2022 (χ2 = 1.520, P = 0.218). A total of 2 400 cattle were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2017 to 2022, with 231 cattle detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis showed a tendency towards a decline over years (χ2 = 5.579, P < 0.05). The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 44.37% in 2007 to 94.00% in 2022 among residents at ages of 12 years and older and from 52.50% in 2007 to 92.50% in 2022 among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, respectively. Conclusions There has been a reduction in the detection of echinococcosis in humans and domestic animals and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs and a rise in the awareness of the echinococcosis control knowledge following the implementation of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province; however, integrated echinococcosis control measures are still required for further control of the prevalence of echinococcosis.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of surgery under ketamine anesthesia during mid-pregnancy on cognitive function of offspring rats.Methods Thirty healthy pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at14 days of gestation,aged 9-10 weeks,weighing 270-310 g,were assigned to 3 groups (n=10 each)using a random number table method:exploratory laparotomy under ketamine anesthesia group (KSgroup),ketamine anesthesia group (K group) and control group (C group).In KS group,ketamine 20mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein,and then ketamine was continuously infused at a rate of 130mg · kg-1 · h-1 after loss of right reflex to maintain anesthesia for 2 h,and exploratory laparotomy was per-formed after anesthesia was stable.Group K received no exploratory laparotomy and the other treatmentswere similar to those previously described in group KS.The equal volume of normal saline was given insteadin group C.The cliff avoidance,passive avoidance,and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate the spatial perception and learning and memory ability of the offspring rats on postnatal days 7,23 and 30.Hippocampal tissues of rat offsprings were obtained at 24 h after the end of Morris water maze test to determine neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 9 (NEDD9) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) protein and mRNA expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the score of cliff avoidance was significantly decreased,the results of Morris water maze test showed that the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the platform-crossing times were decreased,the time spent in the second quadrant was shortened,the expression of NEDD9 and PSD-95 was down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the expression of NEDD9 and PSD-95 mRNA in KS group,and no significant changes were found in the indexes mentioned above in K group (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the numberof errors in passive avoidance test among the three groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Ketamine anesthesia during mid-pregnancy exerts no effect on the cognitive function of offspring rats,abdominal surgery under ketamine anesthesia impairs the spatial perception and learning and memory ability of offspring rats,and the mechanism is related to down-regulating the expression of NEDD9 and PSD-95 in hippocampi of offspring rats.
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Objective To investigate effect of laparoscope anesthesia inducted by sevoflurane combined with different doses of propofol on vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in patients with hysteromyoma.Methods 77 cases of patients with uterine fibroids were selected and divided into two groups.40 cases in group A were anesthetized inducted by 2.0 mg/kg propofol combined with sevoflurane, 37cases in group A were anesthesia inducted by 1.0 mg/kg propofol combined with sevoflurane.VEGF-C and PGE2 in serum were compared before and 48h after the operation.Results Compared with preoperation, VEGF-C and PGE2in serum were lower (P<0.05), VAS score was lower (P<0.05);Compared with group B, VEGF-C and PGE2 in serum of the group A were lower (P<0.05), VAS score was higher (P<0.05).Conclusion Different doses of propofol on serum VEGF-C and PGE2 in patients with laparoscopic uterine fibroids have different effects, 1.0 mg/kg has a sedative effect, 2 0 mg/kg with anesthesia induction.