Randomized， Double-blind， Single-simulation， Placebo-controlled， Multicenter Clinical Trial of An'erning Granules in Reducing Use of Antibiotics for Children's Community-acquired Pneumonia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of An'erning granules in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. MethodA randomized， double-blind， single-simulation， placebo-controlled trial was designed in this study. The children were randomly assigned into an observation group （An'erning granules combined with ceftriaxone sodium） and a control group （An'erning granules placebo combined with ceftriaxone sodium） according to the ratio of 2∶1. The disease cure rate was taken as the main indicator of efficacy， and the safety of An'erning granules was observed. ResultA total of 206 children （137 in the observation group and 69 in the control group） were included in this study. Before treatment， the age， sex， body height， body weight， diagnosis time of pneumonia， and symptom and sign scores had no significant differences between the two groups. After 8 days of continuous medication， the observation group［70.80%（97/137）］ had higher cure rate than the control group［56.52%（39/69）］（χ2=4.17，P<0.05） and total effective rate of chest X-ray ［97.98%（97/99）］ than the control group［86.27%（44/51）］ （χ2=12.98，P<0.01）. The observation group was superior to the control group in the alleviation of TCM syndrome under the condition of 0-3 g dose stratification on day 3 of medication （P<0.01）. The recovery time， time to complete fever abatement， time to fever abatement and expectoration alleviation， rate of conversion to severe case， and reduction in the frequency of antibiotic use showed no significant differences between the two groups. In terms of safety， 13 and 7 adverse events occurred in the observation group and control group， respectively， which were relieved or disappeared after drug withdrawal or symptomatic treatment and showed no significant difference between the two groups. ConclusionIntravenous drip of ceftriaxone sodium combined with An'erning granules is effective in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. It can accelerate the absorption of pulmonary inflammation， alleviate the clinical symptoms in a short time for young children or the children with mild symptoms， and is safe in clinical application.

Randomized， Double-blind， Single-simulation， Placebo-controlled， Multicenter Clinical Trial of An'erning Granules in Reducing Use of Antibiotics for Children's Community-acquired Pneumonia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of An'erning granules in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. MethodA randomized， double-blind， single-simulation， placebo-controlled trial was designed in this study. The children were randomly assigned into an observation group （An'erning granules combined with ceftriaxone sodium） and a control group （An'erning granules placebo combined with ceftriaxone sodium） according to the ratio of 2∶1. The disease cure rate was taken as the main indicator of efficacy， and the safety of An'erning granules was observed. ResultA total of 206 children （137 in the observation group and 69 in the control group） were included in this study. Before treatment， the age， sex， body height， body weight， diagnosis time of pneumonia， and symptom and sign scores had no significant differences between the two groups. After 8 days of continuous medication， the observation group［70.80%（97/137）］ had higher cure rate than the control group［56.52%（39/69）］（χ2=4.17，P<0.05） and total effective rate of chest X-ray ［97.98%（97/99）］ than the control group［86.27%（44/51）］ （χ2=12.98，P<0.01）. The observation group was superior to the control group in the alleviation of TCM syndrome under the condition of 0-3 g dose stratification on day 3 of medication （P<0.01）. The recovery time， time to complete fever abatement， time to fever abatement and expectoration alleviation， rate of conversion to severe case， and reduction in the frequency of antibiotic use showed no significant differences between the two groups. In terms of safety， 13 and 7 adverse events occurred in the observation group and control group， respectively， which were relieved or disappeared after drug withdrawal or symptomatic treatment and showed no significant difference between the two groups. ConclusionIntravenous drip of ceftriaxone sodium combined with An'erning granules is effective in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. It can accelerate the absorption of pulmonary inflammation， alleviate the clinical symptoms in a short time for young children or the children with mild symptoms， and is safe in clinical application.

Analysis of clinical effect of different ventricle peritoneal shunt operation in the treatment of hydrocephalus / 中国基层医药

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of different surgery in the treatment of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus by comparing the postoperative complications of ventriculoperitoneal(V-P) shunt surgery with different incidence of eminence puncture or the triangle puncture.Methods 98 patients with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus who underwent V-P shunt were analyzed.According to different operation methods,they were divided into eminence puncture group (63 cases) and triangle puncture group (35 cases).The operation time and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups,and the clinical efficacy was compared by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at the end of 12 months follow-up.Results The operation time of the eminence puncture group [(53.35 ± 5.72) rain] was longer than (35.52 ± 9.18) min of the the triangle puncture group (t =6.024,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of complication in the eminence puncture group was lower than that in the the triangle puncture group at postoperative 12 months (x2 =4.395,P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative CT examination found that the ventricle width of the two groups was decreased in different degree.The improvement of Evan's index(t =40.86,P ＜0.05) and GCS score(U =4.50,P ＜ 0.05) in preoperative of the eminence puncture group were greater than those of the triangle puncture group after 12 months.Conclusion The clinical efficacy of V-P shunt of the frontal lateral ventricle puncture may be superior to the triangle puncture in the treatment of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus.

THE CUBITAL RADIAL ARCH AND THE MUSCULAR BRANCHES OF THE RADIAL NERVE IN THE ANTERIOR CUBITAL REGION / 解剖学报

Fifty adult cadavers have been dissected bilateraly. Judged from our anatomical study, the site of division of the radial nerve into its superficial terminal and posterior interosseous branches is above the lateral humeral epicondyle in 96％. Usually, the brachialis, brachioradialis, and extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis all receive several muscular branches, which stem from different portions of the radial nerve. Muscular branch for ECRB arising from the superficial radial nerve of one side amounts to 25％.Two arcades are found to be situated along the radial side of the anterior cubital region, one being formed from the proximal tendinous margin of the ECRB muscle, and the other from the proximal edge of the superficial portion of the supinator. The lateral half of the ECRB arch, which covers that of the supinator arch, is definite and sharp and is crossed by the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) obliquely. Its medial half coincides with the corresponding half of the supinator arch, but occassionally they may fuse together. The supinator arch may be divided into loop or circular types, with its longitudinal and transverse diameters of nearly 1～1.2 cm. Those which are tendinous in nature (arcade of Frohse)amount to 18％.There are 28 sides of PIN being compressed by the ECRB arch during passive supination, while 18 sides by the supinator arch (Frohse' arch in 2) during passive pronation. For this reason, in addition to their close relationship and position on the radial side, they are preferred to be combined and named as the cubital radial arch.

THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE OSTEO-FIBROUS CANAL FOR THE PASSING OF THE POSTERIOR RAMUS OF THE LUMBAR NERVE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE / 解剖学报

1. 40 cadavers were dissected in order to observe the position, formation and morphology of the osteo-fibrous canal (400 canals) of the posterior rami of the lumbar spinal nerves.2. The average lengths of the osteo-fibrous canals for the posterior ramus of the lumbar nerves in both sexes are: L_1 4.88mm, L_2 4.71 mm, L_3 4.61 mm, L_4 4.57mm, L_5 4.39 mm.3. The average longitudinal diameter of the outlets of the osteo-fibrous canals of the posterior rami of the lumbar nerves in both sexes are: L_1 6.38mm, L_2 6.73 mm, L_3 6.34mm, L_4 5.75mm, L_5 2.61mm.The average transverse diameters of the outlets of the osteo-fibrous canals of the posterior rami of the lumbar nerves in both sexes are: L_1 2.69mm, L_2 2.66mm, L_3 2.68mm, L_4 3.14mm, L_5 2.06mm.4. The shapes of the outlets of the osteo-fibrous canals of the posterior rami of lumbar nerves may be classified into four types: nearly circular 64.75% (259 sides); approximately ellipsoid 30.25% (121 sides); nearly triangular 3.00% (12 sides); nearly oblate 2.00% (8 sides).5. 320 inter-transverse ligaments were observed and measured.6. There was always an iliolumbar ligament interposed between L_5 and S_1.7. Further more, the authors discussed the relationship between the morphology of the nerves and the osteo-fibrous canals in connection with the possible causes of low back pain.

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE OSTEO-FIBROUS CANAL OUTSIDE OF THE LUMBAR SPINAL CANAL AND THE SPINAL NERVE PASSING THROUGH IT. Ⅰ. THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE OSTEO-FIBROUS CANAL OF THE MEDIAL DIVISION OF POSTERIOR RAMUS OF THE LUMBAR NERVE WITH SPECIAL REFER / 解剖学报

1. 40 cadavers were dissected in order to observe the position and formation of the osteo-fibrous canal (384 canals) of the medial division of posterior ramus of lumbar nerves together with the occurrence of the articulo-accessory (process) ligament.2. The form of the external opening of the osteo-fibrous canal may be classified into three groups; nearly circular 35.1% (151); approximately ellipsoid 32.3% (124); crack detector 28.4% (109).3. The osteo-fibrous canal consists of four walls, bounded by mammillary process, accessory process, bony wall and superior articular process ligament respectively. According to the constitution of the anterior and posterior walls of the canal, it may be divided into three categories; osteo-aponeuroticoligamentous type 29.4% (113); osteo-membranous type 66.4% (255) and bony type 4.2% (16).4. The length and width of the superior articular process ligament were measured. The sexual difference of the lengths of L_(1～5) lumbar is significant.5. The sulcus between the superior articular process and the alar portion of the sacrum was observed and measured.6. The ligament on the posterior wall of the canal is nominated as the ligament of the superior articular process.7. Based on the anatomical structures thus studied, some clinical significances were discussed.