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COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has being spreading around the world, posing a serious threat to human health and lives. Neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors for virus replication cycle are the main antiviral treatment for novel coronavirus recommended in China. To further promote the rational use of antiviral therapy in clinical practice, the National Center for Infectious Diseases (Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine) invited experts in fields of infectious diseases, respiratory and intensive care to develop an Expert Consensus on Antiviral Therapy of COVID-19 based on the Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline for COVID-19 ( trial version 10) and experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in China. The consensus is concise, practical and highly operable, hopefully it would improve the understanding of antiviral therapy for clinicians and provide suggestions for standardized medication in treatment of COVID-19.
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Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Putian City, and to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of children with 2019-nCoV infection.Methods:Clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, pulmonary compated tomography findings, treatment, and clinical outcomes of 78 children with 2019-nCoV infection who were admitted to Putian University Affiliated Hospital Medical Group Putian City Children′s Hospital from September 10 to October 20, 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results:Of the 78 children included in the analysis, two cases (2.6%) were asymptomatic infection, 36 cases (46.2%) were mild and 40 cases (51.3%) were ordinary. Five children were vaccinated against 2019-nCoV. The main symptoms were fever (24 cases), cough (13 cases), and fatigue (nine cases). A total of 34 cases (43.6%) had neutropenia, 29 cases (37.2%) had lymphopenia, 36 cases (46.2%) had D-dimer increase, 38 cases (48.7%) had hypokalemia, 27 cases (34.6%) had hypoglycemia and 11 cases (14.1%) had elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme. The neutropenia mostly occurred two to four days after admission. Fifty-six cases (71.8%) showed pulmonary computed tomography abnormalities. The cycle threshold of virus open reading frame ( ORF)1 ab was 20.90±7.15 and the cycle threshold of N gene was 20.29±7.78 in the first nucleic acid detection of 78 children after admission. The time of nucleic acid negative conversion of the 78 children was (20.73±6.94) days. IgM antibody titer in five vaccinated children was 0.36 (0.34, 4.89) and IgG antibody was 10.42 (0.50, 19.42). IgM antibody titer was 1.82 (1.66, 8.12) and IgG antibody was 76.63 (16.92, 79.84) in cases with disease duration ≥10 days. Nine children (11.5%) had resurgence of virus and were sent to the isolation site. All the other children were cured and discharged from hospital. Conclusions:Children with 2019-nCoV infection have mild clinical symptoms, and some children have lymphopenia, neutropenia, and D-dimer elevation during the course of the disease. The overall prognosis is good. The children vaccinated against 2019-nCoV have higher antibody levels.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Livin is a novel inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP),recent studies showed that it overexpressed in many carcinomas including lung cancer and contributed much to the cancerous development.The objective of this study is to explore the expression of the two isoforms of livin in lung cancer tissues and their relationship with histological types and chemotherapy,and to explore their relationship to the expression of caspase-3 as well.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression of livin α,livin β and caspase-3 mRNAs were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) assay in lung cancer tissues as well as in controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Livin α and livin β were expressed in 12 of 27 and 19 of 27 lung cancer tissues respectively,much higher than those in lung para-cancerous(0/6,0/6) or benign disease lung tissues(0/12,1/12)(both P < 0.01).Moreover,the positive rate was 7/14 and 9/14 in lung adenocarcinoma and 4/12 and 9/12 in squamous and large cell carcinoma respectively,and both of them were detected in one small cell carcinoma.The levels of these two isoforms in lung cancer were significantly higher than those in controls by Gel Imaging System(both P < 0.05),the level of livin α was remarkably higher in adenocarcinoma than that in squamous cell carcinoma(P < 0.05),while the level of livin β was similar in both carcinomas(P > 0.05).Meanwhile,the level of caspase-3 in lung cancer was significantly lower than that in controls,the levels of either each of two isoforms or their sum were negatively associated with that of caspase-3(P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.01).Two isoforms of livin mRNA expression seemed to increase after chemotherapy but not related to clinical stages(P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Two isoforms of livin are differently expressed in different histological types of lung cancer and may contribute to corresponding cancerous development;the levels of livin are negatively associated with those of caspase-3,this may due to the fact that livin could resist against apoptosis;high expression of livin seems to be related to chemotherapy but not clinical stage.</p>
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical pathologic features and therapeutic tools of pulmonary cryptococcosis.METHODS The clinical data about 16 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis which were diagnosed by histopathologic examinations were reviewed.The survey data recorded over a 15-year period,from 1982 to 2007,were summarized.We analyzed their clinical situations,radiographic manifestations,final diagnosis and therapeutic tools.RESULTS The majority of the patients were middle-aged males.The health condition of the most of the patients was good before infection.six months to five years after surgery and antifungal theragy,no relapse,dissemination and death were observed.CONCLUSIONS The majority of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis patients have not underlying diseases,and their radiography manifestations show single or multiple nodular shadows,tumor shadows and infiltrative shadows.The limited pathological change can be excised and applied with the antifungal drugs.Fluconazole is the first-choice drug for curing pulmonary cryptococcosis.
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BACKGROUND: Disturbed regulation of cell cycle is the essential mechanism on abnormal proliferation of cell and incidence of cancer. CyclinD1 /cyclin-dependent-kinase pathway involved with p16 and retinoblastoma gene protein is an important.approach on regulation of cell cycle.OBJECTIVE: To understand the expressions of cyclinD1, p16 and retinohlastoma gene protein in non-small-cell lung cancer and probe into the relationship with the prognosis of cancer.DESIGN: Immunohistochemical assay was used to measure the expressions of relevant indexes and follow-up data were utilized for comparative analysis on survival rate and prognostic factor.SETTING: Department of Respiratory Disease, Fujian Provincial Hospital PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was performed in Department of Pathology of Fujian Provincial Hospital from January to June 2002. Tissue specimens of lung cancer were from 68 cases of non-small-cell lung cancer.Histological classification of lung cancer was based on the standards implemented by WHO in 1981 and TNM staging was on the standards revised by International Union Against Cancer (UICC) in 1997.METHODS: Tissue specimens of lung cancer were stained with immunohistochemical method, the positive-stained splices of lung cancer were taken as positive control and those with 1st antibody replaced by phosphate buffer were taken as negative control. The positive was identified if tumor cell nucleus or cytoplasm presented brown-yellow granules. 5 high-power visual fields were observed at randomize in each specimen and 200 tumor cells were counted and the average was obtained. According to the perceptions of positive cell, in which, positive cell count was less by 5% or no obvious positive cell appeared "-", positive cell count was in range from 5% to 20% "+", positive cell count was in range from 21% to 50% "++"and positive cell count was over 50% "(#)", the expression of cyclinD1,p16 and retinoblastoma gene protein in 68 cases of non-small-cell lung cancer were assayed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of cyclinD1, p16 and retinoblastoma gene protein and survival phase of patients after operation.retinoblastoma gene protein: The expressive rates were 55.9%, 48.5% and 52.9% respectively. X2 was applied for analysis on the data and it was indicated that there was no remarkable correlation among their expressions.gene protein and prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer: The average survival phase of cyclinD1 positive expression was shorter than that of negative expression [(12.40, 35.40) months, (x2=5.31 ,P =0.021)]. The average survival phase of positive case of p16 positive expression was longer than that of negative one [(27.84, 15.95) months, (X2=4.38 ,P =0.036)].The average survival phase of positive expression of retinoblastoma gene protein was not more different significantly from the negative one [(18.50,of non-small-cell lung cancer with Cox proportional hazard model: It was indicated that the prognosis of excessive expression of cyclinD1 was poor (P=0.057) and that of p16 only presented 1 prognostic protective factor (P=0.039).CONCLUSION: CyclinD1, p16 and retinoblastoma gene associated with cyclinG1-S regulation are all involved in incidence and development of non-small-cell lung cancer. The assay of expressions of cyclinD1 and p16is essentially significant for prognosis.
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0.05). Tumors metastasized in 10 of 25 primary NSCLC overexpressing cyclin D 1, but only in one of 21 cases that cyclin D 1 negatively expressed ( P