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Objective To investigate the comprehensive intervention of special-use-grade antibacterial agents and their effects on bacterial resistance in oncology department, and analyze the effects of comprehensive intervention. Methods The medical records of 63 patients discharged from January to June 2017 were used as the control group, and the medical records of 61 patients discharged from January to June 2018 were used as the intervention group. The changes in the indicators of special-use-grade antibacterial agents before and after the intervention were compared. Results After comprehensive intervention, the pass rate of online consultation of special-use-grade antibacterial agents increased from 65.34% to 98.00%, with a statistical difference (P<0.05). DUI values of linezolid, amitraconam, carbophenazim and voriconazole decreased from more than 1 to less than 1. The usage rate of single use antibacterial agents was significantly increased, and the usage rate of combination of antibacterial agents was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Main pathogenic bacteria for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, white smooth candida yeast and candida, and their constituent ratio had no significant change. Except for klebsiella pneumoniae, the resistance rate of imipenem increased by 16.67%, while resistance rate of other pathogens is in a downward trend. Conclusion The comprehensive intervention makes the clinical application of special-use-grade antibacterial agents in oncology department increasingly reasonable.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for content determination of eugenol in Syzygium aromaticum oil dropping pills， and to optimize the preparation technology. METHODS： The content of eugenol in S. aromaticum oil dropping pills was determined by UV spectrophotometry. Based on single factor test， using the percentage of drugs in total amount， liquid temperature， falling distance of condensate， liquid drop distance as factors， taking the roundness， weight and hardness difference and comprehensive score as factors， L9（34） orthogonal design test was adopted to optimize the preparation process. RESULTS： The linear range of eugenol was 15.15-45.45 μg/mL（r＝0.999 6）； RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 1％； the recoveries were 97.41％-100.59％（RSD＝1.35％， n＝6）. The optimal preparation technology included that the percentage of drugs in total amount was 5％； liquid temperature was 80 ℃； falling distance of condensate was 13 cm； liquid drop distance was 6 cm. The dropping pills had smooth appearance， good roundness and moderate hardness； the average content of engenol was 4.073％（RSD＝0.35％，n＝6）. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is simple， and can be used for the content determination of eugenol in S. aromaticum oil dropping pills. The optimal preparation technology is stable and feasible.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of phenylethanoid glycosides of pedicularis muscicola Maxim ameliorating high altitude memory impairmentby activating mTOR signal pathway.Methods 60 clean male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normoxic control group, hypoxia group, PhGs low, medium and high dose groups(50, 200, 400 mg/kg by oral administration).Normoxic control and hypoxia groups were administered with sterile injection water for 7 days.On the fourth day of drug treatment, hypoxia and PhGs groups were exposed to a specially designed animal decompression chamber, which simulated 7 500 m high altitude environment.The expression levels of mTOR, P70S6K and 4E-BP1 mRNA in hippocampus were detected by SYBR Green real-time PCR.The expression levels of p-mTOR, p-P70S6k and p-4E-BP1 protein in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.Results For hypoxia group rats, mTORand P70S6k mRNA repression, p-mTOR and p-P70S6K protein repression were respectively decreased by 22.50%, 26.00%, 42.28% and 11.70%(P<0.05, P<0.01), 4E-BP1 mRNA repression and p-4E-BP1 protein repression were respectively increased by 41.28%, 111.86%(P<0.01) in comparison tonormoxic control group.Compared with hypoxia group,for PhGs low dose group rats, 4E-BP1 mRNA repression and p-4E-BP1 protein repression were respectively decreased by 77.33% and 82.4%(P<0.01), p-P70S6K protein repression was increased by 32.53%(P<0.01).For PhGs medium, high dose groups, mTOR and P70S6k mRNA repression,p-mTOR and p-P70S6K protein repression were respectively increased by 64.56%, 60.76%;14.86%, 20.27%;65.12%, 94.17% and 56.63%, 78.31%(P<0.01), 4E-BP1 mRNA repression and p-4E-BP1 protein repression were respectively decreased by 72.67%, 71.57% and 57.6%, 40%(P<0.01).Conclusion Phenylethanoid glycosides of Pedicularis muscicola Maxim can ameliorate high altitude-induced memory impairment.This protective mechanism may due to the activation of mTOR signal pathway.
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Objective To explore the improving effect of L-leucine on memory impairment in plateau and the mecha-nism. Methods After successfully trained in the 8-arm radial maze,50 male Kunming mice were selected and randomly divid-ed into normoxic control group (NC group),model group,and L-leucine (low,medium and high dose) groups.Animals in L-leu-cine groups were intragastrically given 0.473 g?kg-1 ,0.945 g?kg-1 and 1.89 g?kg-1 L-leucine for 7 days and those in NC and model control groups were administered the same volume of purified water for the same period of time.At the 4th day of the treat-ment,the mice in the model control group and L-leucine groups were placed in a large low-pressure and low-oxygen chamber to simulate low-pressure hypoxic environment of the plateau (7 500 m,3 d).The 8-arm radial maze was used to measure the spatial learning and memory ability of mice and dry-wet method to measure the water content of brain tissue.HE staining was employed to observe the cell morphological changes in CA1 region of the hippocampus.The expression levels of mTOR,P70S6K and 4E-BP1 mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by SYBR Green real-time PCR. Results The reference memory error ( RME) ,total error ( TE) ,testing time ( TT) ,and water content of brain tissue were significantly increased,the neuron injury was exacerbated in CA1 region of the hippocampus,and the expression levels of mTOR and P70S6K mRNA were markedly decreased in model control group when compared with those in NC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).These indexes,however,were significantly improved in L-leu-cine groups,especially in high-dose group. Conclusion L-leucine can improve memory impairment in plateau,and the mecha-nism may involve the activation of mTOR and its downstream substrates (4E-BP1 and P70S6K).
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the improving effect of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGCs) from Tibetan medicine Phlomis younghusbandii on rats with acute high-altitude cerebral edema. METHODS:60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normoxia control group (isometric sterile water for injection),a hypoxia model group (isometric sterile water for injection),a dexamethasone group(4 mg/kg),and three groups of PhGCs at high(400 mg/kg),middle(200 mg/kg)and low(50 mg/kg)dos-es,with 10 rats in each group. The rats were given drugs,ig,6 d before the establishment of models. On the 4th day of administra-tion,ig,the rats in all groups except the normoxia blank group were placed in a simulated 8 000 m altitude plateau environment for 72 h hypoxic exposure to establish the rat models of high-altitude cerebral edema. Following HE stain,the pathological changes in rats’brain tissues were observed under the light microscope. Dry-wet proportion method was used to determine the water con-tents in rats’brain. The content of MDA and the activities of SOD and GSH in rats’brain tissues were detected. Enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay was adopted to determine the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in rats’serum and brain tissues. RESULTS:Com-pared to the rats in the normoxia control group,those in the hypoxia model group showed obvious brain edema,and thickened lacu-nas around cells and vessels and inflammatory cell infiltration, higher water contents and MDA and weaker activities of SOD and GSH in brain,and higher contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and brain tissues. There were statistically significances (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared to the rats in the hypoxia model group,those in the groups of PhGCs at high,middleand low dosages demonstrated less inflammatory cell infiltration and lower water contents in brain tissues,in which the groups of PhGCs at high and middle dosages demonstrated lower content of MDA and stronger activities of SOD and GSH in brain tissues, and lower contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and brain tissues. There were statistically significances (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:PhGCs can obviously alleviate the acute cerebral injury in rats which is caused by acute hypoxia and has im-provement effect to some degree on the rats with acute high-altitude cerebral edema.
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Objective To analyze the reason of drug shortages in medical institutions and take corresponding prevention measures to ensure drug supply .Methods The drug outbound orders in 2012 were retrospectively analyzed to trace the pro‐curement plan of badly‐needed drugs and the delivery time of supplier .Excel was used to carry out classification and statistics for the information of drug shortages combined with the explanations that the supplier failed to supply to summarize the exter‐nal cause and internal cause of drug shortages in medical institutions .Results In 2012 ,the dispensing department received a to‐tal of 46862 plans ,and 1423 items were badly‐needed drugs .The drug shortage rate was 3 .0% .643 times of drug shortages were caused by external causes which accountedfor 45 .2% of all the shortages ;780 times of the drug shortages were caused by internal causes which accounted for 54 .8% .Price inversion accounted for 40 .7% in the external causes that lead to the drug shortages ,and it was the top of the external causes for drug shortages .The low‐priced small varieties and generic drugs ac‐counted for 71 .2% of drug shortages caused by external causes;in the internal causes of drug shortages ,the inventory control accounted for 45 .0% ,ranked the first .Conclusion The scientific and reasonable drug price ,the improvement of bidding poli‐cy ,the joint effort of all parties of drug supply chain ,and the enhancement of the early warning and management of the badly‐needed drugs can reduce drug shortage .
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OBJECTIVE:To domminate the quality of Fushuye,the contents of baicalin in Fushuye was determined by HPLC.METHOD:Baicalin was separated on Spherisorb C18 column and detected at 278 nm,by using methanol-4g.L-1 phosphoric acid (50∶50) as mobile phase.RESULTS:The resolution was 4.5.The number of theoretical plates calculaled for baicalin peak was 3800.The standard curve was linear over the range of 20 ng～900ng,with the correlation coefficient 0.999 9.The average recovery was 99.88% with RSD=1.54%(n=5). CONCLUSION:The method is simple and fast,and can be used for quantitative analysis of Fushuye.
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OBJECTIVE:To domminate the quality of Xinning capsule,the contents of Puerarin in Xinning capsule was determined by HPLC.METHOD:Puerarin was separated on Spherisorb C18 column and detected at 250nm,by using methanol-water-phosphoric acid (280∶720∶0.15)as mobile phase.RESULTS:The resolution was greater than 1. The number of theoretical plates calculaled for Puerarin peak was 8310;The standard curve was linear over the range of 0.2～2μg with the correllation coefficient 0.9999.The average recovery was 99.4% with RSD=2.47%(n=7).CONCLUSION:The method is simple and fast,and can be used for quantitative analysis of Xinning capsule.