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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 84(3): 282-296, May-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248965

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This review is intended to describe the therapeutic approaches for corneal blindness, detailing the steps and elements involved in corneal wound healing. It also presents the limitations of the actual surgical and pharmacological strategies used to restore and maintain corneal transparency in terms of long-term survival and geographic coverage. In addition, we critically review the perspectives of anabolic agents, including vitamin A, hormones, growth factors, and novel promitotic and anti-inflammatory modulators, to assist corneal wound healing. We discuss the studies involving nanotechnology, gene therapy, and tissue reengineering as potential future strategies to work solely or in combination with corneal surgery to prevent or revert corneal blindness.(AU)


RESUMO O presente trabalho traz uma revisão das abordagens terapêuticas para a cegueira da córnea. O estudo detalha as etapas e os elementos envolvidos na cicatrização da córnea. Ele mostra as limitações das estratégias cirúrgicas e farmacológicas usadas para restaurar e manter a transparência da córnea em termos de sobrevida a longo prazo e alcance geográfico. As perspectivas dos agentes anabólicos, incluindo vitamina A, hormônios, fatores de crescimento e novos moduladores pró-mitóticos e anti-inflamatórios para auxiliar a cicatrização da ferida na córnea, são revisadas criticamente. Aqui, apresentamos estudos envolvendo nanotecnologia, terapia gênica e reengenharia de tecidos como possíveis estratégias futuras para atuar de maneira isolada ou combinada com a cirurgia da córnea para prevenir ou reverter a cegueira corneana.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Blindness/prevention & control , Blindness/therapy , Corneal Injuries/prevention & control , Corneal Injuries/therapy , Stem Cells , Vitamin A/therapeutic use , Genetic Therapy/instrumentation , Nanotechnology/instrumentation , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/therapeutic use , Hormones/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 21(6): 638-647, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888925

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Symptomatic forms of toxoplasmosis are a serious public health problem and occur in around 10-20% of the infected people. Aiming to improve the molecular diagnosis of symptomatic toxoplasmosis in Brazilian patients, this study evaluated the performance of real time PCR testing two primer sets (B1 and REP-529) in detecting Toxoplasma gondii DNA. The methodology was assayed in 807 clinical samples with known clinical diagnosis, ELISA, and conventional PCR results in a 9-year period. All samples were from patients with clinical suspicion of several features of toxoplasmosis. According to the minimum detection limit curve (in CT), REP-529 had greater sensitivity to detect T. gondii DNA than B1. Both primer sets were retrospectively evaluated using 515 DNA from different clinical samples. The 122 patients without toxoplasmosis provided high specificity (REP-529, 99.2% and B1, 100%). From the 393 samples with positive ELISA, 146 had clinical diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and positive conventional PCR. REP-529 and B1 sensitivities were 95.9% and 83.6%, respectively. Comparison of REP-529 and B1 performances was further analyzed prospectively in 292 samples. Thus, from a total of 807 DNA analyzed, 217 (26.89%) had positive PCR with, at least one primer set and symptomatic toxoplasmosis confirmed by clinical diagnosis. REP-529 was positive in 97.23%, whereas B1 amplified only 78.80%. After comparing several samples in a Brazilian referral laboratory, this study concluded that REP-529 primer set had better performance than B1 one. These observations were based after using cases with defined clinical diagnosis, ELISA, and conventional PCR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Toxoplasma/genetics , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis/classification , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , DNA Primers/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Sci. med. (Porto Alegre, Online) ; 25(4): 20932, out-dez 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-834021

ABSTRACT

Aims: To describe the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood and demonstrate its importance in the clinical follow-up of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Case description: Two immunocompetent patients were clinically diagnosed with acute ocular toxoplasmosis. The routine clinical evaluation consisted of fundus examination using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The serological diagnosis was made by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). The molecular diagnosis was made by PCR in peripheral blood using the B1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii as marker. The younger patient was male, had previous lesion in the right eye, complained of low visual acuity in the left eye and was under treatment. The older patient was male, had retinal detachment, and presented with sudden loss of acuity in the right eye. The fundus examination revealed chorioretinal scar in the left eye. IgG was reactive, IgM was non-reactive, and PCR was positive in the peripheral blood of both patients. New blood samples were collected for serological and molecular monitoring and PCR remained positive in both cases. Six weeks after treatment with oral sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, the PCR yielded negative results. Conclusion: The results show that T. gondii antigens may be found in peripheral blood during ocular reactivations and that PCR may be a good tool for the follow-up of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis.


Objetivos: Descrever o uso da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) no sangue periférico e demonstrar sua importância no acompanhamento clínico de pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular. Descrição dos casos: Dois pacientes imunocompetentes foram clinicamente diagnosticados com toxoplasmose ocular aguda. Rotineiramente, a avaliação clínica foi feita por fundoscopia com o uso de oftalmoscópio binocular indireto, retinografia colorida, angiografia fluorescente e tomografia de coerência óptica espectral. A sorologia foi realizada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e confirmada por ensaio imunoenzimático fluorescente ELFA (IgG, IgM). O diagnóstico molecular foi realizado por PCR em sangue periférico usando o gene B1 de Toxoplasma gondii como marcador. O paciente mais jovem era do sexo masculino, apresentava lesão prévia no olho direito, queixa de baixa acuidade visual no olho esquerdo e estava sob tratamento. O paciente mais velho era do sexo masculino, apresentava descolamento de retina e súbita diminuição de visão no olho direito. A fundoscopia revelou cicatriz coriorretiniana no olho esquerdo. Ambos os pacientes tinham IgG reagente, IgM não reagente e PCR positivo em sangue periférico. Novas amostras de sangue foram coletadas para monitoramento sorológico e molecular e a PCR permaneceu positiva em ambos os casos. Seis semanas após o início do tratamento com sulfadiazina e pirimetamina oral, os resultados do PCR tornaram-se negativos. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram que antígenos de T. gondii podem ser encontrados em sangue periférico durante as reativações oculares e que a PCR parece ser uma boa ferramenta para o acompanhamento de pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Toxoplasma
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 71(6): 353-357, nov.-dez. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-662727

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar os diagnósticos clínicos corneanos na indicação da Ceratoplastia Penetrante (CP) de pacientes inscritos no Banco de Olhos do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, correlacionando-os com outras variáveis, como a faixa etária, sexo e situação sócioeconômica. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se análise retrospectiva de 1085 fichas de inscrição de pacientes submetidos à Ceratoplastia Penetrante, no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, no período de 2000 a 2009. Os diagnósticos para indicação das cirurgias foram posteriormente correlacionados com a faixa etária, o sexo e o nível socioeconômico dos pacientes, por meio do teste do Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Do total de Ceratoplastias Penetrantes, 57,4% foram realizadas em pacientes do sexo masculino, e a média de idade encontrada foi de 52,3 anos (DP=21,42). Verificou-se que em 90,8% dos casos a cirurgia ocorreu por meio do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), enquanto nos demais (9,2%) os pacientes possuíam convênio ou custearam todo o procedimento. A indicação mais frequentemente encontrada foi o leucoma (23%), o qual ocorreu em 14% das CPs realizadas em homens e em 9% das ocorridas em mulheres. Em relação às CPs com este diagnóstico, 40% ocorreram em pacientes com idade superior a 60 anos, com porcentagem decrescendo com as faixas etárias mais jovens, e 94,4% efetuaram-se através do SUS, enquanto que apenas 5,6% dos casos se encaixaram no quesito convênio/particular. CONCLUSÃO: A principal indicação à Ceratoplastia Penetrante encontrada foi o leucoma, o qual predominou em homens, nas idades acima de 60 anos, em pacientes do SUS.


OBJECTIVE: To determinate the corneal diagnoses of patients underwent Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK) in the university hospital of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, and their relation to age group, gender and socioeconomic factors. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 1085 registration forms of patients underwent Penetrating Keratoplasty in the university hospital of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2000 to 2009. The surgical indications were then correlated to age group, gender and socioeconomic factors, by chi-square test. RESULTS: Fifty-seven percent of all Penetrating Keratoplasties were performed in male patients, and the mean age was 52.3 years. Most surgeries (90.8%) occurred by means of public health care (SUS). The main diagnosis was leukoma (23%), representing 14% of the indications for PK in males and 9% in females. Leukoma was also the diagnosis in 40% of PK performed in patients older than 60 years and in 94.4% of these surgeries in public health care users. CONCLUSION: The main indication for Penetrating Keratoplasty was leukoma, predominating in males, ages above 60 years and in public health care users.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Corneal Diseases/surgery , Keratoplasty, Penetrating , Corneal Opacity/surgery , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Socioeconomic Factors
5.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 10(1): 86-91, jan.-mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621516

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the efficacy of a quality control strategy in cervical cytology in the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Methods: Forty-two patients were selected who underwent a Pap smear and cervical uterine biopsy between April 2008 and December 2009, with evidence of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in one or both tests. The statistical parameters of the smear test were calculated before and after systematic meetings for review of the archived test results (6 years), in which the following was done: interobserver diagnostic consensus; cytohistological correlation, with the latter as gold standard; and evaluation of the therapeutic status of each patient. Results: Once these controls were applied, it was noted that sensitivity and positive likelihood ratio of the test for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion increased 9.5% (34.5 to 44%) and 0.45% (1.64 to 2.09%), respectively, while specificity remained at 79%. Reduction in interference of false-negative results associated with errors in the analytical phase of the cytological productive process gave an estimate of failures in collection of the specimens (pre-analytical phase). Conclusion: In addition to improving the performance of the cytological diagnosis of the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, the proposed quality control strategy allows a reflection on the causes of incorrect or conflicting scrutiny.


Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia de uma estratégia de controle de qualidade em colpocitologia na detecção da lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau. Métodos: Foram selecionadas 42 pacientes que realizaram Papanicolaou e biópsia cervicouterina entre abril de 2008 e dezembro de 2009, com evidência de lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau em um ou em ambos os exames. Os parâmetros estatísticos do esfregaço foram calculados antes e após reuniões sistematizadas de revisão dos exames arquivados (6 anos), nas quais se procedeu a: consensualização diagnóstica interobservadores; correlação cito-histológica, sendo a última padrão-ouro; e avaliação do status terapêutico de cada paciente. Resultados: Aplicados tais controles, observou-se que a sensibilidade e a likelihood ratio positiva do teste para lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau aumentaram 9,5% (34,5 para 44%) e 0,45% (1,64 para 2,09%), respectivamente, enquanto sua especificidade se manteve em 79%. A redução da interferência dos falso-negativos associados a erros na fase analítica do processo produtivo citológico traz estimativa das falhas de coleta do material (fase pré-analítica). Conclusão: Além de melhorar o desempenho do diagnóstico colpocitológico de lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau, a estratégia de controle de qualidade proposta permite refletir sobre as causas de escrutínio incorreto ou discordante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Vaginal Smears , Algorithms , Biopsy/standards , Biopsy/statistics & numerical data , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Predictive Value of Tests , Quality Control , Sensitivity and Specificity , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Vaginal Smears/standards , Vaginal Smears/statistics & numerical data
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 97(6): 517-525, dez. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-610397

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Pouco se sabe sobre o desfecho dos pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica, em comparação aos pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática na era contemporânea. OBJETIVO: Comparar o desfecho dos pacientes chagásicos com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica crônica decorrente da cardiopatia chagásica ao observado em pacientes com MDI na era contemporânea. MÉTODOS: Foi incluído um total de 352 pacientes (246 com cardiomiopatia chagásica e 106 com miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática), seguidos prospectivamente em nossa Instituição, de janeiro de 2000 a janeiro de 2008. Todos os pacientes receberam tratamento clínico contemporâneo padrão. RESULTADOS: Na análise multivariada com o modelo de risco proporcional de Cox, o uso da digoxina (relação de risco = 3,17; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 1,62 a 6,18; p = 0,001) necessitou de suporte inotrópico (relação de risco = 2,08; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 1,43 a 3,02; p < 0,005). A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (relação de risco = 0,97; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 0,95 a 0,99; p < 0,005) e a etiologia da cardiopatia chagásica (relação de risco = 3,29; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 1,89 a 5,73; p < 0,005) foram associadas positivamente à mortalidade, enquanto a terapia com betabloqueadores (relação de risco = 0,39; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento, de 0,26 a 0,56; p < 0,005) foi associada negativamente à mortalidade. A probabilidade de sobrevida para pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica em oito, 24 e 49 meses foi de 83 por cento, 61 por cento e 41 por cento, respectivamente. Já para pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática, foi de 97 por cento, 92 por cento e 82 por cento, respectivamente (p < 0,005). CONCLUSÃO: Na era atual do tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca, os pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica têm um desfecho pior em comparação aos pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática.


BACKGROUND: Little is known about the outcome of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy in comparison to that of patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in the contemporary era. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of chagasic patients with chronic systolic heart failure secondary to Chagas cardiomyopathy with that observed in patients with IDC in the contemporary era. METHODS: A total of 352 patients (246 with Chagas cardiomyopathy, 106 with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy) prospectively followed at our Institution from January, 2000 to January, 2008 were included. All patients received standard contemporary medical therapy. RESULTS: In Cox proportional hazards model multivariate analysis, digoxin use (Hazard Ratio=3.17; 95 percent Confidence Interval 1.62 to 6.18; p=0.001), need of inotropic support (Hazard Ratio=2.08; 95 percent Confidence Interval 1.43 to 3.02; p<0.005), left ventricular ejection fraction (Hazard Ratio=0.97; 95 percent Confidence Interval 0.95 to 0.99; p<0.005), and Chagas cardiomyopathy etiology (Hazard Ratio=3.29; 95 percent Confidence Interval 1.89 to 5.73; p<0.005) were positively associated with mortality, whereas Beta-Blocker therapy (Hazard Ratio=0.39; 95 percent Confidence Interval 0.26 to 0.56; p<0.005) was negatively associated with mortality. Survival probability for patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy at 8, 24, and 49 months was 83 percent, 61 percent, and 41 percent, respectively, and for patients with Idiopathic Dilated cardiomyopathy 97 percent, 92 percent, and 82 percent, respectively (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: In the current era of heart failure therapy, patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy have a poorer outcome in comparison to patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/drug therapy , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/drug therapy , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Digoxin/adverse effects , Digoxin/therapeutic use , Epidemiologic Methods , Prognosis , Treatment Outcome
7.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 30(1): 30-31, jan.-mar. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-639276

ABSTRACT

We report a case of neuroendocrine tumor in rectum that was endoscopically resected and discuss the need of imaging follow-up for the early detection of cancer comorbidities to improve prognosis.


Relato de um caso de tumor neuroendócrino no reto, que foi submetido à ressecção endoscópica e avaliada a necessidade de imagens de acompanhamento para a detecção precoce de câncer como comorbidade para melhorar o prognóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rectal Neoplasms , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neuroendocrine Tumors
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