ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose This paper aims to present the first descriptions of experiences of parents and caretakers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) enrolled as mediators in a structured program of speech-language intervention with remote follow-up. Methods Research with focus on speech-language intervention for children with ASD was carried out with remote follow-up. Forty parents were instructed to perform daily activities focused on communication and interaction with their children, at home, for a period of six weeks. Parents and caretakers were questioned about the experience and by means of a structured questionnaire. Results Only 40% of the parents/caretakers conducted the activities proposed every day. Difficulties were reported by 60% of the parents/caretakers. Behavioral problems were also reported as reasons for the difficulties to conduct the activities proposed. Conclusion the importance of parents who provide detailed information about the child's development, discuss doubts and exchange experiences for the development of intervention programs that include families.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Communication Disorders/rehabilitation , Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitation , Parent-Child Relations , Surveys and Questionnaires , Follow-Up Studies , CaregiversABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To verify if there are characteristic behaviors of the different diagnosis included in the autism spectrum according to the Differential Assessment of Autism and Other Developmental Disorders (DAADD) and to the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). METHOD: Participants were 45 individuals and their respective speech-language therapists. All therapists are graduate students working with the children for at least 1 year. This time was considered sufficient to the therapists to have the information required by the DAADD questionnaire. It is comprised by 3 protocols specifically designed to children with 2 to 4 years, 4 to 6 years and 6 to 8 years, the same criteria used to separate the research groups, G1, G2 and G3, respectively. Data referring to the ABC were retrieved from the subject's files at the Laboratório de Investigação Fonoaudiológica nos Distúrbios do Espectro do Autismo (Research Laboratory on Language Disorders in the Autism Spectrum) of the School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, where it is routinely applied during the annual assessment. RESULTS: Answers to the different areas of DAADD are similar to the different areas of ABC. These data show data the diagnosis by DAADD is easier in older children. Although there is no significant difference, the large occurrence of Rett's syndrome diagnosis according to the DAADD was associated to higher risk for autism according to the ABC in G1. With increasing age this tendency decreases and either in G2 and G3 Autism is the most frequent diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Although the results of both questionnaires tend to agree more with increasing age, the DAADD is more sensitive in the different ages while the ABC if more specific only to older children. .
OBJETIVO: Verificar a existência de comportamentos característicos de diferentes quadros incluídos nos Distúrbios do Espectro do Autismo identificados segundo o Differential Assessment of Autism and Other Developmental Disorders (DAADD) e a Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). MÉTODO: Participaram desta pesquisa 45 indivíduos autistas e suas respectivas terapeutas. Todas as terapeutas são fonoaudiólogas pós-graduandas e atendiam os sujeitos há pelo menos um ano, tempo considerado suficiente para fornecer as informações solicitadas pelo DAADD. Ele é composto por três protocolos especificamente dirigidos a crianças entre dois e quatro anos de idade, quatro e seis anos, e seis e oito anos, o mesmo critério usado para dividir os grupos da pesquisa em G1, G2 e G3, respectivamente. Os dados referentes à ABC foram retirados dos protocolos dos sujeitos, registrados no acervo do Laboratório de Investigação Fonoaudiológica nos Distúrbios do Espectro do Autismo da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, uma vez que ele é regularmente aplicado a todos os pacientes durante o processo de avaliação anual. RESULTADOS: As respostas do DAADD, por área, se aproximam das respostas do ABC, também por área. Os dados evidenciam que, conforme a idade aumenta, é mais fácil identificar o diagnóstico pelo DAADD. Apesar de não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa, a grande ocorrência do diagnóstico de SR obtida no DAADD associou-se à alta probabilidade no ABC para o G1. Conforme aumenta a idade, essa prevalência diminui, sendo o autismo mais prevalente no item alta probabilidade tanto para o G2 quanto para o G3. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de os protocolos serem mais concordantes conforme aumentam as idades, por faixa etária, o DAADD se mostra mais ...
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Age Factors , Autistic Disorder/classification , Checklist/methods , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/classification , Language Disorders , Psychological Tests , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Os últimos 25 anos proporcionaram mudanças significativas na atuação fonoaudiológica dirigida aos Distúrbios do Espectro do Autismo em todo o mundo. Elas envolvem os critérios diagnósticos, a metodologia de pesquisas e a sistematização de dados de processos diagnósticos e de intervenção. Nesse contexto, os primeiros resultados do uso de um sistema de registros utilizado num serviço especializado reforçam a importância da inclusão das informações referentes a cada processo de intervenção em sistemas confiáveis e acessíveis, garantindo a associação de informações, e evidenciam as possibilidades de estudos com grandes populações, o que não é comum na literatura da área.
The last 25 years produced important changes in the Speech Language intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in the whole world. They refer to diagnostic criteria, research methods and systematization of data about diagnostic and intervention processes. In this context, the first results about the use of a recording system used on a specialized service highlights the importance of including information about each intervention process on reliable and accessible systems. This procedure allows the association among several types of data and studies with large populations, something that is not usual in the field.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/rehabilitation , Communication Disorders/rehabilitation , Language Therapy/methods , Longitudinal Studies , Medical RecordsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Comparar as respostas dos instrumentos Childhood Autism Rating Scale e Autism Behavior Checklist na identificação e caracterização de indivíduos com Distúrbios do Espectro Autístico. MÉTODOS: Participaram 28 indivíduos que estavam em atendimento fonoaudiológico e possuíam diagnósticos inseridos no Espectro do Autismo. Todos foram avaliados por meio dos instrumentos Autism Behavior Checklist e Childhood Autism Rating Scale a partir de informações obtidas, respectivamente, com pais e terapeutas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente em relação à concordância das respostas obtidas. Foram considerados concordantes os resultados de alta ou moderada probabilidade para autismo no Autism Behavior Checklist e com autismo leve-moderado ou grave na Childhood Autism Rating Scale, e respostas de baixa probabilidade no Autism Behavior Checklist e sem autismo na Childhood Autism Rating Scale. RESULTADOS: Houve concordância na maior parte das respostas obtidas. Casos em que houve discordância entre os resultados obtidos a partir dos protocolos corroboram dados da literatura, evidenciando que os instrumentos podem não ser suficientes, quando aplicados isoladamente para a definição do diagnóstico. CONCLUSÃO: Enquanto a Childhood Autism Rating Scale pode não diagnosticar crianças efetivamente autistas, o Autism Behavior Checklist pode incluir como autistas, crianças com outros distúrbios. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso complementar dos dois instrumentos.
PURPOSE: To compare the results obtained in the Autism Behavior Checklist with those obtained in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale to identify and characterize children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. METHODS: Participants were 28 children with psychiatric diagnosis within the autism spectrum that were enrolled in language therapy in a specialized service. These children were assessed according to the Autism Behavior Checklist and Childhood Autism Rating Scale criteria, based on information obtained with parents and therapists, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed regarding the agreement between responses. Results indicating high or moderate probability of autism in the Autism Behavior Checklist were considered concordant with the results indicating mild-to-moderate or severe autism in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Results indicating low probability of autism in the Autism Behavior Checklist and without autism in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale were also considered concordant. RESULTS: There was agreement on most of the responses. Cases in which there was disagreement between results obtained on both protocols corroborate literature data, showing that the instruments may not be sufficient, if applied alone, to define the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The Childhood Autism Rating Scale may not effectively diagnose autistic children, while the Autism Behavior Checklist may result in over- diagnose, including within the autism spectrum children with other disorders. Therefore, the associated use of both protocols is recommended.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Autistic Disorder/classification , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Checklist/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Psychological TestsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de crianças incluídas no espectro autístico e determinar se há algum tipo de relação entre os diferentes domínios e aspectos demográficos como escolaridade e classe social. MÉTODOS: Foram sujeitos 150 cuidadores de crianças pertencentes ao espectro autístico, com idades entre 24 e 65 anos, os quais responderam as questões feitas por meio do instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida WHOQOL-bref, elaborado pelo Programa de Saúde Mental da Organização Mundial de Saúde, composto de 26 questões, divididas em quatro domínios (Físico, Psicológico, Relações Sociais, e Meio Ambiente). RESULTADOS: Os dados revelaram diferenças significantes entre todos os domínios. O único domínio do questionário de qualidade de vida que mostrou correlação estatisticamente significante com todas as variáveis demográficas foi o domínio Meio Ambiente. CONCLUSÃO: Fatores como acesso a lazer, saúde e transporte têm papel importante na qualidade de vida percebida por pais de crianças do espectro autístico.
PURPOSE: To assess the quality of life of autistic spectrum children's caretakers and to determine whether there is some kind of relation among the different domains and demographic aspects such as educational and social level. METHODS: Subjects were 150 caretakers of children within the autistic spectrum, with ages ranging from 24 to 65 years, who answered to the WHOQOL-bref protocol, proposed by the Mental Health Program of the World Health Organization, which has 26 questions divided into four domains (Physical, Psychological, Social Relations, and Environment). RESULTS: Data revealed significant differences among all the domains. The only domain of the quality of life questionnaire that had statistically significant correlations with all demographic variables was Environment. CONCLUSION: Factors such as access to leisure, health and transportation play an important role in the quality of life realized by parents of autistic spectrum children.