ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are certain risk factors involved in the development of type 2 DM. Affordable, quick and easily available validated tools are required for assessment of risk factors for type 2 DM. Using one such questionnaire, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score [FINDRISK], we have conducted an observational study in a rural area to identify and assess the risks for the development of type 2 DM.Methods: This cross sectional, observational, community-based study was undertaken, in Muttanallur Village, Bangalore. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 487 subjects were included. According to the final score obtained with the FINDRISK questionnaire, the individuals were classified into mild, moderate, high and very high-risk groups.Results: After the analysis of the variables, 253 individuals (52%) came under moderate risk with a score of (7-14) and 6 (1.2%) were categorized as having very high risk. Females, subjects above the age group of 45 years, having BMI ≥30 kg/m2, waist circumference of ≥37 inches, not having 30 minutes of daily physical activity and consumption of vegetables and fruits, with history of hypertension, high blood glucose during pregnancy or in the past, were having higher moderate to high risk prevalence and had more chances of developing type 2 DM (p value <0.001).Conclusions: As per the results of this study authors concluded that there was a statistically significant association between certain clinical variables with the development of future type 2 DM.
ABSTRACT
Background: Search for an indigenous safe and effective analgesic and antipyretic agent continues to be an exciting area of research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of Leucas clarki, in animal models. Methods: Analgesic activity was evaluated in albino mice by acetic acid induced writhing test. Antipyretic study was carried out in albino rats by inducing pyrexia with brewer’s yeast. Analgesic activity was expressed as percentage of reduction in number of writhings compared to vehicle (Tween-80) and antipyretic activity was expressed as reduction of rectal temperature compared to basal temperature, after 18 hours of induction of pyrexia. Leucas clarki extract was administered at 3 doses (100,200,400mg/Kg) intraperitoneally. Student’s paired and unpaired “t” test was applied to test significance. Results: Methanolic extract of Leucas clarki (MLC) at dose 200 mg and 400mg /kg produced 19.17% & 32.03% of reduction of no. of writhing induced by acetic acid compared to that of Tween 80 treated control mice, However this is less compared to aspirin treated control rats. In model of pyrexia all the three doses of MLC produced significant reduction of rectal temperature compared to basal temperature (18hrs). Antipyretic effect was appreciated at very first hour and persisted till the end of 6 hours like that of paracetamol. Both 100 &200 mg/kg MLC were equivalent in potency as that Paracetamol (33mg/kg I.P) and 400mg/kg was even better than Paracetamol. Conclusions: Methanolic extract of Leucas clarki possesses excellent antipyretic and analgesic property.