ABSTRACT
Blood transfusion is the second most common transmission route of Chagas disease in many Latin American countries. In Mexico, the prevalence of Chagas disease and impact of transfusion of Trypanosoma cruzi-contaminated blood is not clear. We determined the seropositivity to T. cruzi in a representative random sample, of 2,140 blood donors (1,423 men and 647 women, aged 19-65 years), from a non-endemic state of almost 5 millions of inhabitants by the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests using one autochthonous antigen from T. cruzi parasites, which were genetically characterized like TBAR/ME/1997/RyC-V1 (T. cruzi I) isolated from a Triatoma barberi specimen collected in the same locality. The seropositivity was up to 8.5 percent and 9 percent with IHA and ELISA tests, respectively, and up to 7.7 percent using both tests in common. We found high seroprevalence in a non-endemic area of Mexico, comparable to endemic countries where the disease occurs, e.g. Brazil (0.7 percent), Bolivia (13.7 percent) and Argentina (3.5 percent). The highest values observed in samples from urban areas, associated to continuous rural emigration and the absence of control in blood donors, suggest unsuspected high risk of transmission of T. cruzi, higher than those reported for infections by blood e.g. hepatitis (0.1 percent) and AIDS (0.1 percent) in the same region
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood Donors , Chagas Disease , Trypanosoma cruzi , Antibodies, Protozoan , Chagas Disease , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hemagglutination Tests , Mexico , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Trypanosoma cruziABSTRACT
El análisis de la repartición geográfica de los clones de T. cruzi en base a una revisión bibliografía general se dificulta por falta de normalización de las técnicas, por estudios con némeros reducidos de loci, por la ausencia de análisis filogenéticos en muchos trabajos y la falta del uso de las mismas cepas de referencias.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Trypanosoma cruzi , BoliviaABSTRACT
A genetic analysis of a set of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli stocks was performed by two combined approaches, namely multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and labeling by DNA probes. A considerable genetic variability was evidenced within each of the two species. Since the upper level of resolution of the isoenzyme method was reached, it was impossible to draw any definite discrimination between the two species by usual clustering methods. Nevertheless, two markers appeared as species-specific, namely the malic enzyme, and a probe that hybridizes highly-repeated sequences of T. cruzi