ABSTRACT
Introducción: la lactancia materna es el mejor alimento para el recién nacido y hasta los 6 meses de edad, proporciona nutrientes y anticuerpos para el correcto desarrollo, por lo que se debe dar educación sobre lactancia materna a la mujer desde el embarazo para que pueda llevar a cabo adecuadamente este proceso. Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de lactancia materna en embarazadas antes y después de una intervención educativa. Material y métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental, longitudinal, en 150 embarazadas primigestas y multigestas mayores de 18 años. Se aplicó el instrumento validado en 2019 por Palomino et al. denominado Conocimientos sobre lactancia materna, con un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0.7058. Posteriormente se realizó una intervención educativa y se les pidió que contestaran nuevamente el cuestionario. Se analizaron los datos con estadística descriptiva y medidas de tendencia central, así como proporciones, para evaluar las medianas de nivel de conocimiento antes y después de la intervención educativa se utilizó la prueba estadística Wilcoxon. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue 27.06 + 5.956 años. La escolaridad fue preparatoria 42.7%, en unión libre 48.7%, amas de casa 45.3%, el nivel de conocimiento alto postintervención en concepto general fue de 98.7%, respecto a posición y técnica 96.7% y para beneficios 96%. Con la prueba de Wilcoxon para conocimiento general se reportó z = -10.598, p = 0.000. Conclusiones: existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la mediana de conocimiento al inicio y al final del estudio, con un 95% de confianza.
Introduction: Breastfeeding is the best food for the neonate and up to 6 months of age, it provides nutrients and antibodies for proper development, so the woman must be educated about breastfeeding from pregnancy so that she can properly carry out this process. Objective: To evaluate the level of breastfeeding knowledge in pregnant women before and after an educational intervention. Material and methods: Quasi experimental, longitudinal study in 150 primigravida and multigravida women between 20 and 35 years old. The validated instrument in 2019 by Palomino et al. called Breastfeeding Knowledge with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.7058 was used. Educational intervention was given, and the questionnaire was reapplied. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency and proportions. The Wilcoxon statistical test was used to evaluate the median levels of knowledge before and after the educational intervention. Results: The average age was 27.06 + 5.956 years. In total, 42.7% in High school, 48.7% in common law, 45.3% were housewives. The post-intervention high level of knowledge in general concept was 98.7%, respect position and technique 96.7% and for benefits 96%. Wilcoxon test for general knowledge reported z = -10.598 p = 0.000. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant difference between the median knowledge at baseline and at the end of the study with 95% confidence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Breast Feeding/methods , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Infant, Newborn , Surveys and Questionnaires , Infant Nutrition/educationABSTRACT
Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 ha venido a cambiar nuestra forma de vida, modificando completamente hasta la forma de convivencia, lo cual puede llevar a cualquier persona a padecer ansiedad, estrés o depresión, ya sea por miedo a contagiarse, a perder a los seres queridos o simplemente por estar limitados hasta para salir a la calle. Objetivo: determinar la presencia de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés ante la pandemia COVID-19 en los beneficiarios de una unidad de medicina familiar de primer nivel de atención y establecer la relación de estos con la edad. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, relacional, transversal, en 185 derechohabientes de una unidad de medicina familiar del 15 de junio al 15 de agosto de 2020. Se solicitaron datos sociodemográficos y se aplicó la escala DASS-21 para buscar sintomatología de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Se realizó análisis univariado con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Para el análisis bivariado se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para identificar la relación entre edad y estrés. Resultados: se encontraron síntomas de depresión en 11.9%, ansiedad en 22.7% y estrés en 14.5% de los participantes. Se encontró una relación negativa débil (r = -0.199, p = 0.007) entre edad y estrés. Conclusiones: existen síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, con una relación negativa débil, estadísticamente significativa entre edad y estrés.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has come to change our way of life, completely modifying even the form of coexistence, which can lead anyone to suffer from anxiety, stress or depression, either out of fear of getting infected, losing a loved one or simply because of the limitation to go outside. Objective: To determine the presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in the beneficiaries of a family medicine unit of first level of care and to establish their relationship with age. Material and methods: Observational, relational, crosssectional study, in 185 beneficiaries of a family medicine unit from June 15th to August 15th, 2020. Sociodemographic data were requested, and the DASS-21 scale was applied to search for symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Univariate analysis was performed with measures of central tendency and dispersion. For the bivariate analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to identify the relationship between age and stress. Results: Symptoms of depression were found in 11.9%, anxiety in 22.7% and stress in 14.5% of the participants. A weak negative relationship (r = -0.199, p = 0.007) was found between age and stress. Conclusions: There are symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, with a weak, statistically significant negative relationship between age and stress.
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Psychological Distress , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression , Family Practice , MexicoABSTRACT
The authors present a clinical and farmacological evaluation of the effect and safety of N-acetylcysteine in chronic obstructive diseases. The N-actylcysteine (NAC) is a sulphorated amino acid employed as an mucolytic agent. The efficacy and tolerability of oral NAC as compared with other agents was determined, in the mucolytic treatment on mucus hypersecretion and in the management of respiratory tract fluids and sputums from cigarette smokers, and also as a bronchial mucus fluidifying agent. A sistematic review and analysis of the effect of NAC and its effectiveness. In the treatment of acute respiratory disorders in children was determined
Subject(s)
Humans , Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use , Acetylcysteine/pharmacology , Bromhexine/pharmacology , Respiratory Mucosa/physiopathology , Mucus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Objective:To identify the knowledge of Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STD) in adolescents before and after an educational intervention.Study Design:Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study Place and Duration of Study:This study was conducted in the Family Medicine Unite Number 6 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Puebla, Mexico during January to April in 2017.Methodology:151 patients were included in whom theknowledge level in sexual transmitted diseases were correlated. A study was used to measure the knowledge in the anatomy and sexual physiology, STDs prevention and ant conceptive. Central tendency and dispersion measures were employed for numeric variables and frequency (proportions) measures for categorical measures. Results:A total of 151 adolescents with (58.9%) are female 17 years of age, 97.4% without partner and 74% without sex life. The knowledge after an educational intervention increased 10.6% in comparison to before the intervention. The statistical treatment was based on the Wilcoxon, resulting in a p=0.000. Conclusion:The knowledge of STDs in adolescents increased after an educational intervention