ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Banana is after apple, the most consumed fruit in the world for its nutritional contribution. Given its importance, it is necessary to advance in the development of agronomic management strategies that contribute to increase productivity and offer alternatives to regulate the consequences derived from the seasonality of production in the Urabá area (Colombia). For this, the clone Williams (Musa AAA Simmonds), at different planting densities (2000, 2500, 3000 and 3500 plants ha-1), different population arrangements (triangle, rectangle and double furrow), compared with a relative control (1700 plants ha-1 in triangle) was evaluated. The design used was randomized complete blocks in factorial arrangement of 4 x 3 + 1 (densities x arrays + control). The variables height and perimeter of the pseudostem, number of leaves from planting to harvest, leaf area index (IAF), light extinction coefficient, number of suckers and developmental stages (days elapsed after flowering and harvest) were determined. An analysis of general variance was carried out and another one excluding the control. The Tukey test (P <0.05) was applied to the qualitative variables and contrasts of orthogonal polynomials were made to test the linear and quadratic effects of the population density factor. The results indicated that the high planting densities and the population arrangements had a negative effect on the perimeter of the pseudostem and the height of the main sucker, favored the LAI, influenced the extinction coefficient, but did not affect the development of the plants.
RESUMEN El banano es después de la manzana la fruta más consumida en el mundo, por su aporte nutricional. Dada su importancia, se requiere avanzar en el desarrollo de estrategias de manejo agronómico, que contribuyan a incrementar la productividad y ofrezcan alternativas para regular las consecuencias derivadas de la estacionalidad de la producción, en la zona del Urabá (Colombia). Para ello, se evaluaron en el clon Williams (Musa AAA Simmonds), diferentes densidades de plantación (2.000, 2.500, 3.000 y 3.500 plantas ha-1), distintos arreglos poblacionales (triángulo, rectángulo y doble surco) y un testigo relativo (1.700 plantas ha-1 en triángulo). El diseño utilizado fue de bloques completos al azar en arreglo factorial, de 4 x 3 + 1 (densidades x arreglos + testigo). Se determinaron la altura y perímetro del pseudotallo, el número de hojas de siembra a cosecha, el índice de área foliar (IAF), el coeficiente de extinción de luz, el número de hijos y fases de desarrollo: días transcurridos a floración y cosecha. Se realizó un análisis de varianza general y otro excluyendo el testigo. Se aplicó la prueba de Tukey (P<0,05) a las variables cualitativas y se hicieron contrastes de polinomios ortogonales, para probar los efectos lineal y cuadrático del factor densidad de población. Los resultados indicaron que las altas densidades de plantación y los arreglos poblacionales tuvieron un efecto negativo sobre el perímetro del pseudotallo y la altura del hijo a parición, favorecieron el IAF, influyeron en el coeficiente de extinción, pero no afectaron el desarrollo de las plantas.
ABSTRACT
El cobayo (Cavia porcellus) es un roedor perteneciente al Orden Rodentia y a la Familia Caviidae, utilizado como animal de laboratorio y de consumo humano. Los parámetros cuantitativos del riñón entregan importante información de su morfofunción dada su labor en la homeostasis del organismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el riñón de cobayo (Cavia porcellus), analizando las características estereológicas para futuros estudios experimentales. Se utilizaron 5 cobayos machos, obtenidos del Bioterio de la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. El riñón de cobayo pesó 3,2 g, aproximadamente. El riñón posee 140.298 glomérulos en total, Nv de 458 mm³, Vv de 7,89% y Sv de 3,58 mm²/ mm³. El volumen glomerular del riñón fue de 1,73 x 10(4)mm³ y el diámetro glomerular de 90 jm. Factores como especie, edad, peso corporal, peso y volumen renal, son importantes a considerar, ya que diferencian los resultados en investigaciones morfofuncionales.
The guinea pig, (Cavia porcellus) is a rodent pertaining to the Rodentia group and the Caviidae family, used as a laboratory animal and for human consumption. Quantitative parameters of the kidney provides important information of its morphofunction, given its labor in the organism's homeostasis. The aim or this study was to describe the kidney of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), analyzing the stereological characteristics for future experimental studies. Five male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) obtained from the Biotery of the Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile, were used. The kidney of the guinea pig weighed approximately 3.2g. The kidney has 140,298 total glomerulus, Nv of 458 mm³, Vv of 7.89% and Svof 3.58mm²/mm³. The glomerular volume of the kidney was of 1.73 x 10(4)mm³ and a glomerular diameter of 90 urn. Factors such as species, age, body weight and renal volume, are important to consider, as they differentiate the results in the morphofunctional investigations.
Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Animals , Guinea Pigs , Guinea Pigs/anatomy & histology , Guinea Pigs/physiology , Guinea Pigs/metabolism , Kidney/anatomy & histology , Kidney/physiology , Kidney/ultrastructure , Zona Glomerulosa/anatomy & histology , Zona Glomerulosa/physiology , Zona Glomerulosa/ultrastructure , Photogrammetry/methods , Photogrammetry/veterinary , Homeostasis/physiology , Body Weights and Measures/methods , Body Weights and Measures/veterinaryABSTRACT
In Mexico, the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) had adopted the no-scalpel vasectomy technique by the end of 1989. The technique was described by dr. Li Shunquiang in 1974, and more than 60 million no-scalpel vasectomies have been performed in 26 countries. Among the advantages with no-scalpel vasectomy is that it has fewer complications (0.4 percent) compared to the traditional technique (3.1 percent). We studied 1,00o clinical chart of the subjects operated on between January, 1990 and January, 1993, with the objective of reporting our experiences as well as analyzing whether there existed a correlation between the subject's social and demographic characteristics and the number of control spermatic counts he attended postoperatively. In 97.9 percent of the cases, subjects has no postoperative hemorrhage or hematoma. None of the subjects had a surgical woun infection. In addition, 54.4 percent of the subjects came to the first control spermatic count, 39.7 percent came to the second, and only 18.4 percent came to all three controls. In an attempt to find a characteristic which defined the subject who attends his postoperative control spermatic count, we found an association using X² between the attendance at two controls with the subjects who had been married from 6 - 10 years (p=0.059), and with the subjects who had an income of three minimun wages. Regarding the attendance at all three controls, we found an association with subjects who had an income of two minimun wages (p=0.037). We also found a weak correlation between the attendance at all three controls and the reason reported for not having more children (the couple did not want more children) (r=0.07; p=0.025) and with the manner in which the subjects were referred to the clinic (came on their own initiative) (r=0.09; p=0.006). Finally, we consider that no-scalpel vasectomy can be implemented as an adequate family planning mehtod in Mexico's primary care centers. The lack of adequate attendance at postoperative control spermatic counts does not seem to have an important association with the subjects demographic characteristics, so it appears warranted that this issue be studied from a psychological point of view