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1.
Arq. bras. psicol. (Rio J. 2003) ; 71(2): 163-178, mai.-ago 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1015124

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as produções científicas na área da Psicologia no que diz respeito às mulheres em contextos rurais no Brasil. Realizada nas bases da BVS-Psi, SciELO, PePSIC, LILACS, BDTD, Portal CAPES, com os seguintes descritores de busca: "psicologia" AND "mulheres" AND "rural". Foram selecionados 22 estudos (14 artigos e 8 teses/dissertações). Os estudos versam sobre: a) movimento social e participação política; b) jovens mulheres e ruralidade e c) condições de vida, saúde mental e suporte psicossocial


The present study aimed to investigate scientific publication in Psychology regarding women in the rural context in Brazil. The search included the databases BVS-Psi, SciELO, PePSIC, LILACS, BDTD, Portal CAPES using the search terms "psychology" AND "women" AND "rural". Twenty two studies were selected (14 journal articles and 8 thesis/dissertations). The studies were about: a) social movement and political participation; b) young women and rurality and c) living conditions, mental health and psycho-social support


El presente estudio tiene por objetivo investigar las producciones científicas en el área de la Psicología en lo que se refiere a las mujeres en contextos rurales en Brasil. Llevadas a cabo en las bases de la BVS-Psi, SciELO, PePSIC, LILACS, BDTD, Portal CAPES, con los siguientes descriptores de búsqueda: "psicología" AND "mujeres" AND "rural". Se seleccionaron 22 estudios (14 artículos y 8 tesis/disertaciones). Los estudios versan sobre: a) movimiento social y participación política; b) jóvenes mujeres y ruralidad y c) condiciones de vida, salud mental y apoyo psicosocial


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology , Rural Population , Women , Brazil
2.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 43(2): 208-215, abr.-jun. 2019. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-990617

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A educação de adultos pressupõe a utilização de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem, que proponham concretamente desafios a serem superados pelos estudantes, tendo o professor como facilitador e orientador do processo. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o uso da Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipes (ABE) como estratégia de avaliação dos alunos na disciplina Interação Ensino-Serviço na Comunidade (Iesc) no curso de Medicina. A aplicação da ABE ocorreu em duas turmas da Iesc, respeitando as três etapas previstas na metodologia. A experiência obtida com a aplicação da ABE em substituição à prova tradicional demonstrou aspectos relevantes, como: na preparação, é fundamental que o acadêmico se comprometa a estudar os temas propostos; a utilização de aplicativo foi uma estratégia inovadora; o desempenho da equipe superou o individual. A aplicação dos conceitos ocorreu nas aulas de campo da Iesc, pois esta propõe a observação de casos clínicos reais nas unidades de saúde e comunidade, utilizando os conhecimentos teóricos adquiridos para direcionar intervenções. A aplicação da ABE se mostrou um método eficiente para avaliação na Iesc, que se pauta na perspectiva da interação e processos colaborativos. O uso do recurso tecnológico como ferramenta despertou interesse entre os estudantes, minimizando a tensão que geralmente ocorre durante o processo da avaliação tradicional. É importante que os cursos de formação em saúde façam uma análise constante para que práticas do ensino tradicional não sejam supervalorizadas em detrimento das práticas ativas de aprendizagem.


ABSTRACT Adult education presupposes the use of active teaching and learning methodologies that propose challenges to be overcome by students, with the teacher acting as facilitator and guiding the process. The objective of this study was to report the use of Team-Based Learning (TBL) as one of the methods used to evaluate students in the subject Teaching-Service interaction in the Community (IESC), of the Medicine Course. TBL was applied with two classes IESC classes. The experience gained through the application of TBL, instead of the traditional test, demonstrated some relevant aspects, for example: in the preparation, it is fundamental that the student is committed to studying the proposed topics; the use of application was an innovative strategy that motivated the academics to participate actively in the process; the performance of the team took precedence over individual performance. The concepts learned were put into practice in the IESC field classes, since they involve observation of real clinical cases in the Health Units and in the community, using the theoretical knowledge acquired, in the interventions. The application of TBL proved to be an efficient evaluation method in the IESC, which is based on the perspective of interaction and collaborative processes. The use of the technological resource as a tool sparked the students' interest, minimizing the stress that usually occurs during the traditional assessment. It is important that health training courses provide a review, to ensure that traditional teaching practices are not given too much weight, at the expense of active learning practices.

3.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(2): 112-121, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-990821

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify clinical and sociodemographic factors that increase or decrease suicidal risk in a clinical sample of subjects seeking mental health care. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed at three health centers in Santiago, Chile. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Depressive Experience Questionnaire (DEQ), Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2), Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL), and State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2), in addition to a sociodemographic survey, were applied to 544 participants (333 with suicidal behavior and 211 without current suicidal behavior). Through hierarchical clustering analysis, participants were grouped by similarity regarding suicidal risk. Then, a regression analysis was performed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) technique, and factors that decrease or increase suicide risk (SR) were identified for each cluster. Results: The resultant clusters were grouped mainly by the age of participants. The most important protective factor was having confidence in one's own coping skills in difficult situations. Relevant risk factors were major depressive disorder (MDD), poor anger management, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Conclusions: Suicidal risk manifests differently throughout the life cycle, and different types of bonds may protect from or increase risk of suicide.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Suicidal Ideation , Socioeconomic Factors , Cluster Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Assessment , Middle Aged , Models, Psychological
4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 39(1): 1-11, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-844179

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze suicidal behavior and build a predictive model for suicide risk using data mining (DM) analysis. Methods: A study of 707 Chilean mental health patients (with and without suicide risk) was carried out across three healthcare centers in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. Three hundred forty-three variables were studied using five questionnaires. DM and machine-learning tools were used via the support vector machine technique. Results: The model selected 22 variables that, depending on the circumstances in which they all occur, define whether a person belongs in a suicide risk zone (accuracy = 0.78, sensitivity = 0.77, and specificity = 0.79). Being in a suicide risk zone means patients are more vulnerable to suicide attempts or are thinking about suicide. The interrelationship between these variables is highly nonlinear, and it is interesting to note the particular ways in which they are configured for each case. The model shows that the variables of a suicide risk zone are related to individual unrest, personal satisfaction, and reasons for living, particularly those related to beliefs in one’s own capacities and coping abilities. Conclusion: These variables can be used to create an assessment tool and enables us to identify individual risk and protective factors. This may also contribute to therapeutic intervention by strengthening feelings of personal well-being and reasons for staying alive. Our results prompted the design of a new clinical tool, which is fast and easy to use and aids in evaluating the trajectory of suicide risk at a given moment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Suicide/prevention & control , Mental Disorders/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Mental Disorders/complications , Models, Theoretical
5.
Ces med. vet. zootec ; 8(2): 101-107, jul.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703315

ABSTRACT

Resumen La leptospirosis es una enfermedad bacteriana caracterizada por producir clínicamente en equinos signos clínicos inespecíficos como fiebre, anemia, depresión, y otros específicos, como aborto, muerte neonatal y uveítis recurrente. La finalidad del trabajo fue determinar la seroprevalencia en 55 equinos pertenecientes al Centro Ecuestre de la Escuela Artillería de Linares, Región del Maule. Las muestras (suero), fueron obtenidas de animales sin distinción de sexo o edad y analizadas mediante el método de Aglutinación Microscópica (MAT) para nueve serovares a títulos de dilución de 1/100 o superiores. Determinando una seropositividad general del 65,4%, distribuido en los serovares: Autumnalis (54,5%), Bratislava (52,7%), Canicola (20%), Copenhageni (12,7%) y Hardjo (7,3%), mientras que para Pomona, Grippothyphosa, Bataviae y Ballum no se obtuvieron sueros reaccionantes. Finalmente, no se observó diferencia estadística significativa (P≥0,05) en los individuos reaccionantes según sexo y edad, demostrándose que a mayor edad menor es la seropositividad.


Abstract Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease characterized in horses by nonspecific clinical signs such as fever, anemia, depression; and specific signs such as abortion, neonatal death, and recurrent uveitis. The objective was to determine seroprevalence in 55 horses from the equestrian center of Linares Artillery School, located in the Maule region. Serum samples were obtained from animals of both sexes and several ages. Samples were analyzed by Microscopic agglutination (MAT) for nine serovars with dilution titles of 1:100 or higher. The overall seropositivity was 65.4%, distributed in the following serovars: autumnalis (54.5%), bratislava (52.7%), canicola (20%), copenhageni (12.7%), and hardjo (7.3%); whereas reacting sera were not obtained for pomona, grippothyphosa, ballum, or bataviae. Finally, no statistically significant difference was observed between sex or age (P≥ 0.05). Seropositivity was lower in older than in younger horses.


Resumo A leptospirose é uma doença bacteriana caracterizada por produzir em equinos alguns signos clínicos inespecíficos, como febre, anemia, depressão; e outros específicos, como aborto, morte neonatal e uveíte recorrente. A finalidade deste trabalho foi determinar a soroprevalência em 55 equinos pertencentes ao Centro Equestre da Escola de Artilharia de Linares, região de Maule no Chile. As amostras (soro) foram obtidas de animais sem distinção de sexo ou idade e analisadas pelo método de aglutinação microscópica (MAT) para nove serovares a títulos de diluição de 1/100 ou superiores. Determinando uma seropositividade geral de 65,4%, distribuído nos serovares: Autumnalis (54,5%), Bratislava (52,7%), Canicola (20%), Copenhageni (12,7%) e Hardjo (7,3%), enquanto que para Pomona, Grippothyphosa, Bataviae e Ballum não se obtiveram soros reacionantes. Finalmente, não houve diferença significativa (P≥0,05) nos indivíduos reacionantes segundo sexo e idade, conferindo que a maior idade menor é a seropositividade.

6.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 39(supl.2): 71-78, nov. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-302070

ABSTRACT

El trastorno neuropsicológico siempre ha sido descrito como un componente importante de la sintomatología esquizofrénica. No obstante, la investigación dirigida a comprender la naturaleza de este trastorno neuropsicológico ha sido escasa. Durante la década pasada han aparecido varios estudios que examinan en detalle este aspecto de la enfermedad. En este trabajo se describen los principales hallazgos, poniendo especialénfasis en la atención, la disfución del lóbulo frontal y la memoria. Además se discute el impacto de los antipsicóticos atípicos en estas funciones cerebrales


Subject(s)
Humans , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Schizophrenia , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology , Attention , Cognition Disorders , Frontal Lobe/physiopathology , Memory Disorders , Schizophrenia
7.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 21(1): 61-3, ene.-jun. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-238602

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron en forma retrospectiva y no aleatoria las historias clínicas de las cátedras de Clínicas y Terapéutica Quirúrgica del Hospital Universidatrio de Caracas, durante los años 1990 a 1995 con el diagnóstico de estenosis anal en adultos, reportándose 5 casos en 12.400 historias revisadas. La experiencia en el tratamiento de los casos indica que la casi totalidad son resueltos por dilatación anal


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Anal Canal/abnormalities , Anal Canal/pathology , Anus Diseases/diagnosis , Anus Diseases/surgery , Anus Diseases/therapy , Dilatation
8.
Dermatol. venez ; 33(1): 35-8, 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162526

ABSTRACT

Informamos sobre la duración de 815 remisiones en personas (520 varones y 285 hembras) que recayeron una hasta 10 veces después de recibir 400 mg de quetoconazol en dosis única para tratamiento de la pitiriasis versicolor por Malassezia furfur (n=782) o M.ovalis (n=33). La mediana de la duración en los varones bajo de 9 meses en las primeras recaídas a 6 meses en las sextas, séptimas y octavas recaidas. Las medianas de las remisiones en las hembras fueron mayores que en los varones en medida estadísticamente significativa. Se discute este hallazgo. También informamos sobre 129 personas halladas indemnes: 26 (1/5) menos de 6 meses, 103(4/5) más de 6 meses y 54 (1/2) más de un año después de su tratamiento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ketoconazole/therapeutic use , Malassezia , Tinea Versicolor/therapy
9.
Dermatol. venez ; 30(2): 67-70, 1992. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-121876

ABSTRACT

La cutis trunci variata ha sido reportada no solamente en Venezuela, sino también en las Antillas y en las islas de Reunión (Océano Indico, donde ha sido llamada hipomelanosis maculosa progresiva del tronco. En esta nota reportamos datos obtenidos por inspección e interrogatorio de 50 portadores. Son 41 mujeres y 9 hombres; 20 morenos, 19 trigueños, 7 blancos y 1 negro. La edad de aparición fue de 9-42 años (mediana 20). La edad actual es de 16-46 (mediana 26). La duración varía entre 2 días y 23 años (mediana 4). Las regiones más afectadas son: sacrococcigea 84%, lumbar 64%, dorsal 54%, epigástrica 56%, hombros 44%, parte superior de nalgas 28%, laterotorácicas 24%, intermamaria 18%, hipogástrica 20%, parte superior de muslos 12%, caderas 14%. La existencia de consaguíneos afectados fue reportada por el 32%. La regresión espontánea (observada en las Antillas) no se conoce en Venezuela. La helioterapia ha sido útil en 4 casos inútil en 12. La iatrogenia es complicación frecuente de esta condición asintomática, porque legos y médicos la confunden con la pitiriasis versicolor y la tratan con antifúngicos en dosis tiempos exagerados


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Male , Female , Tinea Versicolor
11.
Rev. psiquiatr. (Santiago de Chile) ; 6(3): 185-92, jul.-sept. 1989. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-84700

ABSTRACT

La presente revisión bibliográfica tiene por objeto analizar fundamentos actuales de utilidad clínica de niveles plamáticos de neurolépticos en las psicosis. Se revisan los problemas metodológicos que explican diferencias de resultados de distintas investigaciones y, en especial, se analiza la existencia de una ventana terapéutica. Se concluye que al momento actual no existen suficientes evidencias que apoyan a esta última hipótesis, y se plantea la necesidad de ampliar las investigaciones aumentando el tamaño de las muestras


Subject(s)
Humans , Antipsychotic Agents/blood , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use
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