ABSTRACT
Background: Hyperuricemia and albuminuria is very common among the patients of type II diabetes mellitus. The casual association between hyperuricemia and type II diabetes may be mediated by kidney dysfunction as well as insulin resistance. The objective of the study is to find association between serum uric acid level and albuminuria level in type II diabetic patient. Methods: 60 diabetic patients were taken having both serum uric acid level and albuminuria level increased considerably. Incidence of hyperuricemia and albuminuria were compared taking into association the age, sex, BMI, FBS, HbA1C, serum lipid profile, urinary ACR of the patients. Results: Hyperuricemia was associated with the greater probability of albuminuria in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Serum uric acid and albuminuria is prevalent among patients of type II Diabetes mellitus, hence strict control of blood glucose level will significantly reduce the level of uric acid and albuminuria preventing further related micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Background: Anaemia is not very uncommon in diabetics. Chronic hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes is related to higher incidence of anaemia which goes unrecognized prior to the development of chronic renal failure. This study was conducted to know the prevalence of Anaemia in persons with Type II Diabetes Mellitus, in relation to glycemic control using HbA1c as a tool to it. Methods: 60 Diabetic subjects were divided into two groups of 30 each based on their glycemic control(group A, with poor glycemic control and group B with good glycemic control taking 7% Hba1c as cut off value),incidence of anaemia was measured and compared among them and also with 30 age and sex matched healthy non Diabetic controls. Results: Incidence of anaemia was found to be significantly higher in diabetics group as compared to non-diabetics and among diabetics it was significantly higher in uncontrolled group as compared to group with controlled diabetes. Conclusions: Anaemia is not an uncommon finding among Type II diabetics and further good glycemic control in diabetes is associated with a better haemoglobin levels, hence it is desirable to evaluate the haemoglobin level often to monitor for micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes even when the renal parameters are normal.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate serum pleural effusion albumin gradient (SEAG) as method of differentiating pleural transudates from exudates.Cases admitted in AMCH with diagnosed pleural effusion were divided into 2 groups based on etiology. Group I (transudates): Comprising 14 patients of congestive heart failure (n=6) and nephrotic syndrome (n=3), Cirrhosis (n=4), pericardial effusion (n=1). Group II (exudates): comprising 26 cases of tuberculous (n=15), malignant (n=8) and parapneumonic effusion (n=2), rheumatoid arthritis (n=1). In all patients estimation of pleural fluid to plasma protein ratio, pleural fluid to serum LDH ratio & pleural fluid LDH level, plasma-pleural effusion gradient were evaluated. All these parameters were compared in differentiating pleural transudates from exudates. A total of 40 patients having pleural effusion were divided into 2 groups. Group I (Transudates),Group II (Exudates). Pleural fluid to serum protein of .5 misclassified 20%, pleural fluid LDH OF 200 U/L misclassified 17.5%, pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH misclassified 12.5%, & serum effusion albumin gradient misclassified 5% while differentiating transudates from exudates. Serum pleural effusion albumin gradient (SEAG) is a very useful parameter to differentiate between exudates and transudates esp. in cases misclassified by Light’s criteria.