ABSTRACT
Background: Microwave exposed food intake among human is on rise
Objective: To determine the comparative effects Mentha piperita and melatonin on the seminiferous tubular diameter and height of the germinal epithelium in the testis of mice fed continuously with microwave oven exposed diet
Methodology: Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, in cooperation with National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad, from 1st April to 31 May 2016. Thirty two adult male mice [BALBc strain] weighing 25-30gms were divided into four equal groups having 8 mice each. Group G1 [control group], was given standard diet 5-10 gm/animal/day for the four weeks. 1 Group G2 received 5-10 gm/animal/day of microwave oven exposed mice pellets daily for the four weeks . Group G3 was given 2 leaf extract of Mentha piperita [1g/kg b.wt./day] along with microwave oven exposed mice pellets [5-10 gm /animal /day] for 4 3 weeks and the Group 4 was given melatonin 12 mg /kg/day orally along with microwave oven exposed mice pellets [5-10 gm /animal /day] for 4 weeks. After the experimental period was over, the animals were sacrificed. General features of the testis were noticed. Testis were processed embedded and stained for histological study. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. ANOVAtest was applied for intergroup comparison of quantitative variables
Results: In the experimental group G2, seminiferous tubular diameter and height of the germinal epithelium was decreased with significant p value of 0.05 and in the group G3 and G4, both parameters were improved close to the control group and in comparison of p values of G2 v G3 and G2 v G4
Conclusion: Microwave oven exposed diet decreases the seminiferous tubular diameter and height of the germinal epithelium and Mentha piperita has more potent ameliorative effects than melatonin
ABSTRACT
The current study was planned to evaluate the changes produced in liver histology by giving chronic immobilization stress to the animals for 4 weeks. Study was carried out in Army Medical College, Rawalpindi from Jan 2011 toAug2011. Ten adult New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Group I served as control while group II was an experimental group whose left leg was immobilized in extension for 4 weeks. Following euthanasia, liver was exposed; dissected and was examined for gross and microscopic appearance. Liver from the experimental groups exhibited mild to moderate architectural distortion. Majority of the cases [80%] revealed moderate steatosis predominantly [80%] microvesicular in type. Steatosis was present in all the three zones of hepatic lobule in 4 out of 5 cases whereas one case demonstrated fat vacuoles around the periportal area. When assessed according to modified Knodell's scoring system, mild inflammation was found in 60% of cases while 40% revealed moderate inflammation. All the cases showed focal necrosis along with pyknotic nuclei while karyorrhexis were present in 3 out of 5 cases. Sinusoidal congestion [80% of cases] and dilatation [40% of cases] was also noted in experimental group. Data analyses indicate that liver experiences stress induced injury following chronic immobilization like other organs. Further research is required to evaluate the effects of remobilization on the liver and whether remobilization could cause reversal of these changes. This study could help to take decision to plan the immobilization time during various surgical procedures in orthopedic practice. This would help to save the functions of vital organs like liver