ABSTRACT
Introducción. Introducción. Durante la etapa de embarazo es de vital importancia realizar ejercicio físico por ser un período que conlleva modificaciones y adaptaciones tanto anatómicas como fisiológicas en la mujer generando beneficios tanto para ella como para el bebé en gestación. Objetivo. Describir beneficios del ejercicio físico prenatal en embarazadas como facilitador del periodo de parto y prevención de complicaciones postparto. Métodos. Se incluyeron revisiones de fuente primaria en las bases de datos EBSCO, SCIENCE DIRECT, Pubmed y se aplica evaluación de los artículos con escala PEDro. Resultados. El ejercicio físico en embarazo disminuye los partos instrumentales y por cesárea, uso de analgesia epidural, duración del trabajo de parto, dolor perineal reduce las episiotomía, y contribuye a un perineo intacto. Conclusiones. Existe escasa evidencia de que el ejercicio físico en embarazadas es beneficioso durante el parto y postparto.
Introduction. During the pregnancy stage it is vital to perform physical exercise because it is a period that involves modifications and adaptations both anatomical and physiological in women, generating benefits for the mother and the unborn child. Objective. Describe benefits of prenatal physical exercise in pregnant women as a facilitator of the period of childbirth and prevention of postpartum. Methods. Primary source reviews were included in the EBSCO, SCIENCE DIRECT, Pubmed databases and article evaluation with the PEDro scale was applied. Results. Physical exercise in pregnancy decreases instrumental and cesarean deliveries, use of epidural analgesia, duration of labor, perineal pain reduces episiotomy, and contributes to an intact perineum. Conclusions. There is little evidence that physical exercise in pregnant women is beneficial during childbirth and postpartum.
ABSTRACT
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and obesity are a public health problem in Chile. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment alternative to achieve a significant and sustained weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity. The results of controlled clinical trials indicate that, compared to medical treatment, surgery for obese patients with DM2 allows a better control of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk factors, reduces the need for medications and increases the likelihood for remission. Consensus conferences and clinical practice guidelines support bariatric surgery as an option to treat DM2 in Class III Obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) > 40) regardless of the glycemic control and the complexity of pharmacological treatment and in Class II Obesity (BMI 35-39,9) with inadequate glycemic control despite optimal pharmacological treatment and lifestyle. However, surgical indication for patients with DM2 and BMI between 30-34.9, the most prevalent sub-group, is only suggested. The Chilean Societies of Endocrinology and Diabetes and of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery decided to generate a consensus regarding the importance of other factors related to DM2 that would allow a better selection of candidates for surgery, particularly when weight does not constitute an indication. Considering the national reality, we also need a statement regarding the selection and characteristics of the surgical procedure as well as the role of the diabetologist in the multidisciplinary team.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/surgery , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Obesity/surgery , Societies, Medical , Body Mass Index , Chile , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Medical IllustrationABSTRACT
El Departamento de Medio Ambiente del Colegio Médico de Chile ha concordado una serie de medidas que a su juicio deben ser implementadas por las nuevas autoridades políticas de Chile elegidas, con el fi n de corregir aquellos problemas ambientales que son determinantes de salud poblacional e individual. La implementación de estas medidas deberá impactar positivamente en la salud y calidad de vida de los habitantes de Chile, disminuir la mortalidad aguda y o diferida causada por exposición a diversos contaminantes ambientales. En especial, deberá afectar positivamente a las futuras generaciones al disminuir la exposición prenatal o infantil temprana a agentes que determinan el desarrollo de enfermedades o cambios conductuales más tarde en la vida. Estas proposiciones fueron entregadas a todos los candidatos presidenciales y explicadas en reuniones con cada uno de los 4 candidatos presidenciales que tienen las mejores opciones de de ser electos, de acuerdo a encuestas realizadas en el país.
The Environment Department of the Colegio Médico de Chile (Chilean College of Physicians) agreed a series of measures that should be implemented by the new elected Chilean political authorities, with the purpose of correction the environmental problems which are population and individual health determinants. The implementation of these measures should positively impact Chilean population health and quality of life and decrease acute or delayed mortality caused by exposure to various pollutants. Especially, it should positively affect future generations preventing prenatal or infant exposure to agents determining the development of diseases or behavioural changes later in life. These proposals were delivered to all presidential candidates, and explained in meetings with each of the four presidential candidates with the best perspectives to be elected, according to opinion polls carried out in the country.