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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(2): 161-167, feb. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-710983

ABSTRACT

In 2011 the Chilean National Health Fund (FONASA) commissioned a study to assess the costs of the 120 most relevant hospital care services with an established fee, in a large sample of public hospitals. We herein report the cost evaluation results of such study, considering the financial condition of those hospitals in the year of the study. Based on the premise that the expenses derived from the provision of institutional and appraised hospital services should be identical to the billing of hospitals to FONASA, the prices are undervalued, since they cover only 56% of billing, generating a gap between expenses and invoicing. This gap shows an important limitation of tariffs, since their prices do not cover the real costs. However not all hospitals behave in the same way. While the provision of services of some hospitals is even higher than their billing, most hospitals do not completely justify their invoicing. These assumptions would imply that, generally speaking, hospital debts are justified by the costs incurred. However, hospitals have heterogeneous financial situations that need to be analyzed carefully. In particular, nothing can be said about their relative efficiency if cost estimations are not adjusted by the complexity of patients attended and comparison groups are not defined.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public/economics , Chile , Hospital Charges , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Relative Value Scales
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(supl.2): 71-75, sept. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-572032

ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization (WHO) has contributed to the conceptualization of a Health System stating that it has three main objectives and four functions. The main objective is Health Status, measured in Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy (DALE).The others two are Responsiveness to the people’s Non-Medical Expectations and Equity in Financing. This last is a specific indicator of economic nature. Economics has an increasing role in the health systems and the recognition of this component by actors in health services is more and more important every day. Medical professionals need to understand its meaning and relevance in many senses of medical care. Economic evaluations, mainly cost-effectiveness of health programs and socio-sanitary interventions are more complex to carry out than common social evaluations, whose context is more restricted.When formulating modern health policies, the declared objective is always the improvement and quality of healthcare. Nevertheless, in recent years policy makers have insisted in the need to secure economic rationality of interventions, both inside the program, thus achieving internal technical efficiency, as towards the whole society achieving allocative efficiency. When the purpose is to evaluate health programs, economic evaluation integrates costs with effectiveness and considers the epidemiologic profle and social preferences. The priority setting included in the Health Guarantees Plan (AUGE or GES) established by the Chilean Ministry of Health in 2005 is a clear example of a process of Health Technology Assessment , where cost-effectiveness studies were used to set the program and establish priorities. This is the frst in a series of papers related to economic evaluation of healthcare in-terventions. This paper aims to contribute to the development of this feld, providing basic concepts and its main applications to health care in Chile.


La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha contribuido a la conceptualiza-ción de lo que es un sistema de salud, en el cual integra tres objetivos y cuatro funciones. El objetivo principal es la salud, la cual es medida con el indicador Expectativa de Vida Ajustada por Discapacidad (EVAD), los otros dos son Capacidad de Respuesta a las Expectativas No Medicas y la Equidad o Justicia Financiera. Esta última es una condición explícita de carácter económico. La economía tiene un papel creciente en los sistemas de salud y es importante que los actores principales del sistema, los profesionales médicos, estén al tanto de ello y logren comprender su dimensión. Las evaluaciones económicas, principalmente las de costo-efectividad de los programas de salud e intervenciones socio-sanitarias siguen siendo más complejas de realizar que las evaluaciones en otras áreas sociales, cuyo contexto es más restringido o específico. En la formulación de políticas de salud modernas, el objetivo declarado es siempre el de mejorar la calidad de los cuidados y de la atención médica. Sin embargo, ahora se hace insistiendo en que uno de los componentes esenciales de la calidad es la racionalidad económica de las intervenciones, tanto internas al propio programa, logrando eficiencia técnica, como al conjunto de la sociedad logrando eficiencia distributiva. Cuando se trata de evaluar Tecnologías Sanitarias, uno de sus componentes es la evaluación económica que integra costos con efectividad clínica y considera el perfilepidemiológico y las preferencias sociales. Estás últimas se pueden incorporar a través de la valoración de los estados de salud (en “outcomes” como Quality-Adjusted Life-Years -QALY) y en el uso de una tasa de descuento social. La determinación de las condiciones de salud incluidas en el Plan de Garantías en Salud (AUGE o GES) es un ejemplo de un proceso de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (ETESA). En dicho proceso se hizo una aproximación a incluir explícitamente la evaluación económica, a través de los estudios de costo-efectividad, en la priorización para determinar las condiciones de salud que se integrarían al plan. Este es el primero de una serie de artículos sobre el ámbito de la evaluación económica de intervenciones de salud la que pretende entregar a la comunidad médica un conjunto de contenidos que dan luces sobre el desarrollo de la disciplina y sus conceptos principales, a la vez que sus aplicaciones posibles a las actividades de la salud en nuestro país.

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