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1.
J. bras. pneumol ; 38(4): 503-510, jul.-ago. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-647817

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar as estratégias que influenciam a efetividade do tratamento da tuberculose em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). MÉTODOS: Levantamento epidemiológico, descritivo, retrospectivo, envolvendo os prontuários médicos de 588 pacientes com tuberculose cadastrados no programa de controle da tuberculose, entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2008, em duas UBS - Centro de Saúde Escola do Marco (CSEM) e UBS da Pedreira (UBSP) - localizadas na cidade de Belém (PA). Os critérios de exclusão foram ter idade < 18 anos ou > 59 anos e ter alta por transferência ou mudança de diagnóstico. Os dados coletados foram idade, sexo, tipo de tratamento (autoadministrado ou supervisionado), coinfecção por HIV e desfecho do tratamento. Os profissionais de saúde envolvidos no programa da tuberculose das duas UBS foram entrevistados quanto às estratégias utilizadas no controle da doença e à rotina de atendimento. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças significativas quanto a idade, sexo e coinfecção com HIV nas duas UBS. A utilização de tratamento supervisionado foi significativamente maior no CSEM que na UBSP, assim como a taxa de cura, enquanto a taxa de abandono foi maior na UBSP que no CSEM. CONCLUSÕES: Para pacientes cadastrados em programas de controle da tuberculose em UBS no Brasil, o tratamento supervisionado provavelmente é uma estratégia de extrema importância para se alcançar uma menor taxa de abandono.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the treatment strategies that influence the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment at primary care clinics (PCCs) in Brazil. METHODS: This was a descriptive, retrospective epidemiological survey based on the medical records of 588 tuberculosis patients enrolled in the tuberculosis control programs at two PCCs located in the city of Belém, Brazil: Centro de Saúde Escola do Marco (CSEM) and Unidade Básica de Saúde da Pedreira (UBSP). The survey was limited to patients enrolled between January of 2004 and December of 2008. We included only patients between 18 and 59 years of age, and we excluded those who were transferred or were found to have been misdiagnosed. We collected data regarding age, gender, type of treatment (self-administered or supervised), co-infection with HIV, and treatment outcome. The health professionals involved in the tuberculosis control program at the two PCCs were interviewed regarding the strategies used for tuberculosis control and regarding routine clinical care for tuberculosis patients. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the CSEM and UBSP patients regarding age, gender, and co-infection with HIV. Supervised treatment was used significantly more frequently and the rate of cure was higher at the CSEM than at the UBSP, whereas the rate of treatment noncompliance was higher at the UBSP than at the CSEM. CONCLUSIONS: For patients enrolled in tuberculosis control programs at PCCs in Brazil, supervised treatment appears to be an extremely important strategy for reducing the rate of treatment noncompliance.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Ambulatory Care/standards , National Health Programs/standards , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Brazil , Family Health , Patient Compliance , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
3.
ImplantNews ; 6(5): 561-566, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-544260

ABSTRACT

Os biomateriais são produtos auxiliares nos tratamentos de regeneração tecidual que apresentam soluções clínicas satisfatórias, elevado índice de sucesso e mínimo desconforto para o paciente. Dentre os biomateriais mais utilizados destaca-se a hidroxiapatita, uma matriz mineral biocompatível que apresenta similaridade com a composição do osso mineral e capacidade de osseocondução. Alguns produtos utilizam a associação da hidroxiapatita com o colágeno, que é um material biocompatível, biodegradável e osseoindutor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de dois tipos de enxertos em procedimento de levantamento de seio maxilar. Em uma técnica utilizou-se biomaterial composto por hidroxiapatita e colágeno tipo I (Extra Graft XG-13) e na área contralateral adotamos o protocolo de osso autógeno associado a PRP (plasma rico em plaquetas). Amostras dos dois enxertos ósseos foram removidas após quatro meses, quando a área foi reaberta para colocação dos implantes e então foram comparadas histologicamente. Observou-se que no lado controle, utilizando osso autógeno, existiu formação de osso primário. Na contagem realizada pela grade de Merz comprova-se maior quantidade de tecido ósseo. Já no lado do biomaterial verificamos a formação óssea preenchendo os espaços entre os biomateriais. Na contagem pela grade de Merz verificou-se maior quantidade de biomaterial do que de tecido ósseo. Concluímos que no caso relatado, encontrou-se uma maior quantidade de tecido ósseo na área de enxerto autógeno, porém, o enxerto realizado com o biomaterial também viabilizou a formação óssea e promoveu um leito consistente e resistente para a colocação de implantes dentários.


Biomaterials are treatment adjuncts for tissue regeneration providing satisfactory clinical solutions, high success rates and minimum discomfort to the patients. Amongst the most widely used biomaterials there is hydroxyapatite, a biocompatible mineral matrix which shows similarity to the composition of bone mineral and osteoconductive properties. Some products use a combination of hydroxyapatite and collagen, a biocompatible, biodegradable and osteoinductive material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of two techniques to repair bone defects in the process of sinus lifting. In a split-mouth design, a biomaterial composed of hydroxyapatite and collagen type I (Extra Graft XG-13) was inserted on one side, and an autogenous bone combined with PRP (platelet-rich plasma) used as control on the other side. Samples of the two bone grafts were removed after four months with implant placement thereafter. Histological comparisons were performed with a Merz's grid. It was observed that control side demonstrated formation of primary bone and the area was composed mainly by osseous tissue. On the other hand, the experimental side showed bone formation filling the spaces between biomaterials, mainly composed by the grafted biomaterial. We concluded that there was a greater amount of bone tissue in the area of autogenous graft; however, the graft held with the biomaterial also allowed bone formation and promoted a consistent and resistant bed to the placement of dental implants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Bone Transplantation , Dental Implants , Durapatite , Maxillary Sinus
4.
HU rev ; 34(1): 65-68, jan.-mar. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530685

ABSTRACT

A Angina de Prinzmetal foi descrita em 1959, sendo caracterizada por ataques recorrentes de dor precordial ao repouso associados à elevação transitória do segmento S-T. Documentamos o caso de um homem, 58 anos, tabagista, previamente livre de sintomas coronarianos, que foi admitido com dor retroesternal aguda. O eletrocardiograma mostrou elevação transitória do segmento S-T nas derivações V1 a V3, que retornou à linha de base após cessar a dor. O nível sérico das enzimas cardíacas estava normal. O ecocardiograma não apresentou alterações segmentares da contratilidade do ventrículo esquerdo e a coronariografia demonstrou obstrução severa no terço proximal da artéria descendente anterior e na artéria diagonal. Foi tratado com nitrato, diltiazem e angioplastia com stent e não apresentou novos sintomas. Foi confirmado o diagnóstico de espasmo coronariano. Cabe ressaltar a importância de se incluir a Angina de Prinzmetal no diagnóstico diferencial da Síndrome Coronariana Aguda para que novos casos sejam precocemente diagnosticados.


Prinzmetal's Angina was described in 1959. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of spontaneous chest pain associated with transient ST-segment elevation. We report herein a case of a 58 year-old previously healthy man, who was admitted with acute retrosternal pain. Smoking was the only risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. The electrocardiogram showed transient ST-segment elevations from V1 toV3 leads. The cardiac enzymes tested normal. The echocardiogram didn't exhibit any abnormality in the left ventricular contractility and the coronary angiography revealed severe occlusion in both proximal part of the left anterior descending artery and the diagonal artery. The patient received nitrate and diltiazen, and the coronary lesions were treated with balloon angioplasty plus stenting. The follow up was uneventful. The diagnosis of variant angina (Prinzmental's angina) was made. In conclusion, Prinzmetal's Angina should always be included in the differential diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome, so that new cases can be early diagnosed and treated.


Subject(s)
Coronary Vasospasm , Angina Pectoris , Angina Pectoris, Variant
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(supl.1): 179-184, Oct. 2006. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-441244

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the geographic distribution of the snail of the genus Biomphalaria and evaluates its infectivity by Schistosoma mansoni in 5264 specimens collected in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Of the 31 locations studied, 6 were reservoirs, 11 rudimentary holding ponds, 7 irrigation ditches, 5 lakes, 1 ornamental pond, and 1 waterfall. Intermediate hosts were found only in the rudimentary ponds and ditches, which were 100 percent positive. Using morphological and molecular analysis techniques, B. tenagophila, B. peregrina, and B. straminea were identified. This is the first report of B. stramínea in the municipality, and evaluation of its infective potential revealed susceptibility of 25.4 percent. Although we did not find specimens of Biomphalaria infected by S. mansoni, the data obtained indicate the presence of intermediate hosts, especially in the irrigation ditches in Juiz de Fora, and their proximity to contaminated areas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biomphalaria/classification , Disease Vectors/classification , Schistosoma mansoni , Brazil , Biomphalaria/parasitology , Population Density
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