Dinámica de la evolución de las formas de Blastocystis spp. en un medio de cultivo simple / Dynamics of the evolution of the forms of Blastocystis spp. in a simple culture medium

Resumen Blastocystis spp. es un parásito muy frecuente en materia fecal humana, pero la naturaleza polimórfica y el número de Blastocystis en la muestra pueden complicar su detección por microscopía. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir la dinámica de los morfotipos de Blastocystis a corto plazo en un medio de cultivo simple y determinar su aplicabilidad para utilizarlo como complemento del análisis coproparasitológico y para estudios morfológicos, bioquímicos y moleculares del parásito. Se sembraron 10 muestras de materia fecal con Blastocystis en un medio Pavlova adaptado, se examinaron diariamente por examen microscópico durante 6 días y se registraron las formas y el recuento. El desarrollo fue regular y abundante y las formas fueron de tamaños variables y claramente identificables. El cultivo ensayado puede ser útil para la detección de Blastocystis cuando existan dudas diagnósticas por microscopía, para estudios de sensibilidad y especificidad diagnóstica o cuando se requiera aumentar la carga para realizar otros estudios.

Abstract Blastocystis spp. is a very frequent parasite in human fecal matter, but the polymorphic nature and the number of Blastocystis in a sample can complicate its detection by microscopy. The objective of the present work was to describe the dynamics of Blastocystis morphotypes in the short term in a simple culture medium and to determine its applicability to use it as a complement to coproparasitological analysis and for morphological, biochemical and molecular studies of the parasite. Ten stool samples with Blastocystis were cultured in an adapted Pavlova medium and examined during 6 days by microscopy to record the forms and the count. The development was regular and abundant and the shapes were of variable sizes and clearly identifiable. The tested culture could be used for the detection of Blastocystis when microscopic diagnosis is dubious, for studies of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity or when it is necessary to increase the load to perform other studies.

Resumo Blastocystis spp. é um parasita muito frequente nas fezes humanas, mas a natureza polimórfica e o número de Blastocystis na amostra podem complicar a sua detecção através do microscópio. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever a dinâmica dos morfotipos de Blastocystis no curto prazo em um meio de cultura simples e determinar sua aplicabilidade para ser utilizado como complemento da análise coproparasitológica e para estudos morfológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares do parasita. Foram semeadas dez amostras de fezes com Blastocystis em um meio Pavlova adaptado e examinadas diariamente através de exame microscópico durante 6 dias, registrando as formas e fazendo recontagem. O desenvolvimento foi regular e abundante e as formas foram de tamanhos variáveis e claramente identificáveis. A cultura testada pode ser útil para a detecção de Blastocystis quando houver dúvidas diagnósticas por microscopia; para estudos de sensibilidade e especificidade diagnóstica ou quando for necessário aumentar a carga para a realização de outros estudos.

Clinical performance of a micro invasive treatment based on demineralization-remineralization for dental fluorosis: case report

Introduction: Dental fluorosis manifests clinically as white to brown spots on the enamel teeth that were exposed to excessive fluoride during the formation process. Esthetic treatments were described in the literature to reduce or eliminate the fluorotic stains on the enamel surface. Objective: The aim of this study is to present an alternative treatment for fluorosis-stained teeth. Case report: This case report describes the clinical performance of a treatment of a 12-year-old male patient whose teeth presented moderate fluorosis. This treatment is based on tooth demineralization and remineralization. The material has an acid phase made by hydrochloric acid with tricarboxylic acid, and an alkaline phase made by Calcium Hydroxide. Results: This pain less and fast treatment presented good results. The treatment eliminated the spots during the follow-up and preserved most of the dental structure, improving the appearance of the patient's teeth. Conclusion: The appearance of the treated enamel showed a surface almost completely free of fluorotic stains, demonstrating the satisfactory results of this treatment.

Introdução: A fluorose dentária manifesta-se clinicamente como manchas brancas a marrons no esmalte de dentes expostos ao excesso de flúor durante o processo de formação. Tratamentos estéticos foram descritos na literatura para reduzir ou eliminar as manchas fluoróticas na superfície do esmalte. Objetivo: Apresentar uma alternativa de tratamento para dentes manchados por fluorose dentária. Relato do caso: Este relato de caso descreve o desempenho clínico do tratamento para dentes com fluorose moderada em um paciente de 12 anos. Esse tratamento foi baseado numa técnica de desmineralização e remineralização do dente. O material possui uma fase ácida composta por ácido clorídrico com ácido tricarboxílico, e uma fase alcalina composta por Hidróxido de Cálcio. Resultados: Observou-se que esse tratamento, sem dor e rápido, apresentou resultados satisfatórios, pois eliminou as manchas durante o acompanhamento. Além disso, preservou ao máximo a estrutura dentária, beneficiando o paciente com uma melhor aparência dos seus dentes. Conclusão: O aspecto do esmalte tratado mostrou uma superfície quase sem manchas fluoróticas, demonstrando resultados satisfatórios deste tratamento.

Influence of viscosity and chemical composition of composite resins in non-carious cervical restorations: 12-month randomized clinical trial / Influência da viscosidade e composição química das resina compostas em restaurações de lesões cervicais não-cariosas: resultados de 12 meses de uma pesquisa clínica randomizada

Objective: The objective of this double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical performance of two methacrylate-based flowable composite and ormocer-based flowable composite in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) of adult patients. Material and Methods: 183 restorations were performed on NCCLs using the Futurabond U adhesive system, applied in the selective enamel etching mode in all cavities. After the adhesive application, the cavities were restored with one out of the three evaluated flowable composites (n = 61 per group): ormocer-based flowable composite (Admira Fusion Flow, ORM), low viscosity methacrylate-based composite (GrandioSO Flow, LV) and high viscosity methacrylate-based composite (GrandioSO Heavy Flow, HV). After 12 months of clinical performance, these restorations were evaluated according to FDI and USPHS criteria in the following items: retention/fracture, marginal adaptation, marginal staining, postoperative sensitivity and caries recurrence. Results: eight restorations were lost/fractured after 12 months of clinical evaluation (1 in the ORM and 7 in the HV group). The retention rates for 12- months (95% confidence interval) were 98.4% (91.3%-99.7%) for the ORM group, 100% (94.5%-100%) for the LV group and 88.5% (78.1%-94.3%) for the HV group, with no statistical difference identified between any pair of groups (p > 0.05). Five restorations presented small marginal adaptation defects at the 12-months evaluation recall, and all of them were considered clinically acceptable. Conclusion: The clinical performance of the universal adhesive associated to ormocer-based or methacrylate-based flowable composite were found to be promising after 12-month of clinical evaluation (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo clínico duplo-cego randomizado foi comparar as taxas de retenção de um compósito fluido à base de Ormocer versus dois compósitos fluidos à base de metacrilato quando utilizados em lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNCs) de pacientes adultos. Material e Métodos: 183 restaurações foram realizadas em LCNCs utilizando o sistema adesivo Futurabond U, aplicado no modo de condicionamento seletivo do esmalte em todas as cavidades. Após a aplicação do adesivo, as cavidades foram restauradas com um dos três compósitos fluidos avaliados (n = 61 por grupo): compósito fluido à base de ormocer (Admira Fusion Flow, ORM), compósito à base de metacrilato de baixa viscosidade (GrandioSO Flow, LV) e compósito à base de metacrilato de alta viscosidade (GrandioSO Heavy Flow, HV). Após 12 meses de desempenho clínico, essas restaurações foram avaliadas de acordo com os critérios FDI e USPHS nos seguintes itens: retenção / fratura, adaptação marginal, coloração marginal, sensibilidade pós-operatória e recorrência de cárie. Resultados: oito restaurações foram perdidas / fraturadas após 12 meses de avaliação clínica (1 no grupo ORM e 7 no grupo HV). As taxas de retenção por 12 meses (intervalo de confiança de 95%) foram 98,4% (91,3% -99,7%) para o grupo ORM, 100% (94,5% -100%) para o grupo LV e 88,5% (78,1% -94,3%) para o grupo HV, sem diferença estatística identificada entre nenhum par de grupos (p> 0,05). Cinco restaurações apresentaram pequenos defeitos de adaptação marginais no período de avaliação de 12 meses, e todas foram consideradas clinicamente aceitáveis. Conclusão: O desempenho clínico do adesivo universal associado ao compósito fluido à base de ormocer ou metacrilato mostrou-se promissor após 12 meses de avaliação clínica(AU)

Allergic dermatitis caused by Culicoides in Texel sheep in the state of Pará, Brazil / Dermatite alérgica causada por Culicoides em ovinos Texel no estado do Pará

Allergic dermatitis was studied at a farm located in the municipality of Castanhal in the state of Pará, Brazil, from December 2009 to December 2012. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained during monthly visits to the farm. Skin biopsies were performed for histopathological examinations, and insects were captured with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traps and live-bait entomological vacuum devices. The property housed a herd of both genders, with 45 Santa Inês sheep of different ages and 72 Texel adults. Of the 72 Texel sheep, 56 were affected. Of these, 24 exhibited alopecia, erythema, edema, and crust in the ears, on top of the head, and less often, around the eyes. In addition to the lesions described above, 14 animals exhibited hyperpigmentation of the ears and/or around the eyes and crust in the nose. Another 18 animals exhibited chronic lesions characterized by deformed and thickened ears, alopecia with hyperpigmentation, and in most cases, secondary bacterial infections with abscesses and/or myiasis. Some of these animals had lost part of their ears. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, vacuolization, and necrosis of epidermal cells. An inflammatory infiltrate was present in the dermis, which was composed mainly of eosinophils and macrophages, some lymphocytes and mast cells, and few neutrophils, in addition to edema and collagen deposition. The Santa Inês sheep were not affected. Among the captured insects, 294 specimens of Culicoides (Hoffmania) plaumanni Spinelli, 57 specimens of C. (Hoffmania) insignis Lutz, and 27 specimens of other Culicoides species were identified. We conclude that C. plaumanni, C. insignis, and possibly other Culicoides species are involved in the etiology of allergic dermatitis in Texel sheep in the state of Pará. Santa Inês sheep in the same region and under the same conditions were not affected, which suggests lower susceptibility of these animals.(AU)

A doença foi estudada em uma propriedade localizada no município de Castanhal, Pará, no período de dezembro de 2009 a dezembro de 2012. A propriedade possuía um plantel de 117 ovinos, 45 da raça Santa Inês e 72 Texel. Dos 72 ovinos da raça Texel, 56 estavam afetados. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram alopecia, eritema, edema, hiperpigmentação e crostas nas orelhas, parte superior da cabeça e ao redor dos olhos. Em alguns animais as orelhas estavam deformadas, espessadas e com abscessos e/ou miíase. Histologicamente, as lesões caracterizavam-se por hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica, acantose, vacuolização e necrose das células da epiderme. Na derme havia infiltrado inflamatório composto principalmente por eosinófilos e macrófagos, edema e deposição de colágeno. Entre os insetos capturados foram identificados 294 exemplares de Culicoides (Hoffmania) plaumanni Spinelli, 57 de Culicoides (Hoffmania) insignis Lutz e 27 exemplares pertencentes a outras espécies de Culicoides. Conclui-se que C. plaumanni, C. insignis e, possivelmente, outras espécies de Culicoides estejam envolvidos na etiologia da dermatite alérgica nos ovinos da raça Texel no estado do Pará. Ovinos da raça Santa Inês que se encontravam na mesma área e nas mesmas condições não foram afetados, sugerindo menor susceptibilidade.(AU)

Cuidado materno y seguridad del apego antes del primer año de vida / Maternal Care and Attachment Security in the First Year of Life

La relación entre el cuidado materno (sensibilidad) y la seguridad del apego del niño (conducta de base segura) ha sido corroborada en diferentes contextos y edades. Sin embargo, existe ausencia de estudios que la hayan estudiado antes del primer año de vida. La presente investigación analizó esta relación en un grupo de 32 madres peruanas de 19 a 44 años de nivel socioeconómico bajo y sus hijos de 8 a 10 meses. La sensibilidad fue evaluada a través del Q-sort del Comportamiento Materno (MBQS) (Pederson & Moran, 1995) y la seguridad del apego mediante el Q-sort del Apego (Waters, 1995). Los resultados muestran que existe una relación directa y significativa entre ambas y que las separaciones físicas juegan un rol importante en esta relación.

Sensitivity hypothesis has been corroborated in different contexts and children ages; however, there is lack of studies that have analyzed it in the first year of life. The present study related maternal sensitivity and child secure base behavior in a group of 32 Peruvian mothers of low income families. Mothers were 19 to 44 years old and their children were between 8 and 10 months old. Mother's sensitivity was assessed using the Q-sort Maternal Behavior (Pederson & Moran, 1995) and child secure base behavior through the Attachment Q-sort (Waters, 1995). Results indicated a significant and direct relationship between two constructs and that early mother-infant physical separations play an important role in this relationship.

New Culicoides Latreille of the subgenus Mataemyia Vargas from Pará, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Two new species of Culicoides Latreille of the Neotropical subgenus Mataemyia Vargas are described and illustrated based on female specimens from Juruti, Pará, Brazil and compared with their similar congeners. This paper also presents a diagnosis of the subgenus Mataemyia and a systematic key for the identification of the 19 species of the subgenus.

Dermatite alérgica sazonal em ovinos deslanados no nordeste do Brasil / Sazonal allergic dermatitis in hair sheep from northeastern Brazil

Dermatite alérgica sazonal foi diagnosticada em um rebanho de 40 ovinos da raça Santa Inês no município de Jucurutú, Estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Para o estudo epidemiológico e observação dos sinais clínicos a propriedade foi visitada periodicamente entre 2007 e 2010. Os ovinos eram criados extensivamente em campo nativo cortado pelo rio Piranhas e com um açude permanente. Entre 2007 e 2009 adoeceram 13 (32,5%) ovinos de um total de 40. As lesões eram observadas durante a época da chuva e regrediam total ou parcialmente durante a seca, reaparecendo no próximo período chuvoso. Os animais que foram retirados da área se recuperaram. No final de 2009 foram eliminados os animais susceptíveis e três novos casos apareceram em 2010. A pele apresentava lesões alopécicas, crostosas, enrugadas, esbranquiçadas e com intenso prurido, localizados na região da cabeça (orelhas, ao redor dos olhos e região frontal), região dorsal do corpo e garupa. Histologicamente, a epiderme apresentou hiperqueratose, acantose, hipergranulose e moderada espongiose. Na derme havia infiltrado inflamatório, principalmente perivascular, composto por eosinófilos, macrófagos e plasmócitos. Observou-se queratose de folículos pilosos e dilatação das glândulas sudoríparas. No hemograma, os valores de todos os animais estavam dentro dos valores normais. Em abril e junho de 2010 foram realizadas capturas de insetos com armadilhas luminosas CDC, sendo 110 dípteros capturados, dos quais 43 foram identificados como Culicoides insignis Lutz. Considerando que esta espécie tem sido associada à dermatite alérgica em outras regiões conclui-se que a doença é uma dermatite alérgica sazonal associada à picada de C. insignis.

Seasonal allergic dermatitis is reported in a flock of 40 hair sheep of the Santa Inês breed, in the county of Jucurutú, State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. For the epidemiologic and clinical observations the farm was visited periodically from 2007 to 2010. The flock was raised extensively in a Paddock crossed by the Piranhas river, and had also a permanent pond. Between 2007 and 2009, 13 (32.5%) sheep out of 40 were affected. The lesions were observed during the raining season, regressed total or partially during the dry season, and reappeared in the next raining period. Sheep removed to other region recovered. At the end of 2009, all affected sheep were removed from the flock. Three new cases appeared in 2010. The skin of the affected sheep was whitish, irregularly thickened, with alopecia, crusts, and intense pruritus. Those lesions were localized more frequently in the head (ears and periocular and frontal regions) but in some animals the dorsum and croup were also affected. Histologic lesions of the epidermis were hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, hypergranulosis, and moderate spongiosis. The dermis showed infiltration by eosinophils, macrophages and plasma cells, mainly perivascular. The hair follicles showed keratosis and the sudoriparous glands were dilated. No changes were observed in the differential blood count. In April and June 2010 insects were captured by the use of CDC light trap. Forty three out of 110 dipterous captured were identified as Culicoides insignis Lutz. It is concluded that the disease is a seasonal allergic dermatitis associated with C. insignis bites.

Two new biting midges from Pará, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Two new species of Culicoides Latreille of the subgenus Haematomyidium Goeldi are described and illustrated based on female specimens from Pará, Brazil. The new species are compared with their similar congeners.

A new Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the Reticulatus species group from Brazilian Amazon Region

A new species of the Culicoides reticulatus species group, Culicoides kuripako Felippe-Bauer, is described and illustrated based on females and male specimens from the states of Amazonas and Pará, Brazil. The new species is compared with its similar sympatric congener, Culicoides paucienfuscatus Barbosa.

Culicoides baniwa sp.nov. from the Brazilian Amazon Region with a synopsis of the hylas species group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

A new species of the Culicoides (Hoffmania) hylas species group, Culicoides baniwa Felippe-Bauer is described and illustrated based on a female specimen from the state of Amazonas, Brazil. A systematic key, wing photographs, diagramme of the legs pattern, table with numerical characters of females and a synopsis of the 11 species of the C. hylas group are presented. This paper further presents a new record of Culicoides pseudoheliconiae Felippe-Bauer out of the previously defined geographic distribution of the hylas species group, in the province of Misiones, Argentina.

New records, synonymy and description of the male of Culicoides horticola Lutz, 1913 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) / Novos registros, sinonímia e descrição do macho de Culicoides horticola Lutz, 1913 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

The male of Culicoides horticola Lutz, 1913 is described and illustrated from specimens collected in the Department of Madre de Dios, Peru, and in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Culicoides bachmanni Spinelli, 2005 is considered as a junior synonym of C. horticola. Previous citations and descriptions of C. horticola are discussed, and the species is firstly recorded from Peru and biting humans.

O macho de Culicoides horticola Lutz, 1913 é descrito e ilustrado com base em espécimes coletados no departamento de Madre de Dios, Peru, e no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Culicoides bachmanni Spinelli, 2005 é considerada como sinônimo júnior de C. horticola. Citações e descrições anteriores de C. horticola são discutidas e a espécie é reportada pela primeira vez para o Peru e picando humanos.

New records of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Peruvian Amazonian region / Novas ocorrências de Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) da Região Amazônica Peruana

Ten species of Culicoides Latreille are reported for the first time from Peruvian Departments of Amazonas, Cajamarca, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura and San Martin. The synonymy and distribution of the species in the New World are given.

Dez espécies de Culicoides Latreille são reportadas pela primeira vez para os departamentos peruanos de Amazonas, Cajamarca, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura e San Martin. A sinonímia e a distribuição das espécies para o novo mundo são fornecidas.

Description of Culicoides pseudoheliconiae sp.n. from Peruvian Amazon and revalidation of Culicoides contubernalis Ortiz & Leon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

A new species of the Culicoides hylas species group, Culicoides pseudoheliconiae Felippe-Bauer is described and illustrated based on female specimens from Peruvian Amazon, and Culicoides contubernalis Ortiz & Leon from Ecuador is resurrected and redescribed as a valid species. A systematic key, table with numerical characters of females of species of the Culicoides hylas group are given.

A new Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the subgenus Diphaomyia from Peru

A new species of Culicoides of the subgenus Diphaomyia, Culicoides jurbergi Felippe-Bauer, is described and illustrated based on female specimens collected biting man and with light traps in Peruvian Amazonia. The species is compared with its similar congener mirsae Ortiz.

Two new Culicoides of the paraensis species group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Amazonian region of Peru

Two new species of the Culicoides paraensis species group, C. diversus Felippe-Bauer and C. peruvianus Felippe-Bauer, are described and illustrated based on female specimens from Amazonian region of Peru. A systematic key, table with numerical characters of females, and distribution of species of the C. paraensis group are given.

A new species of predaceous midge of the genus Monohelea Kieffer from Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

A description and illustrations of Monohelea maya, new species, based on male and female characteristics are provided. The specimens were collected in the special biosphere Reserves of Ria Lagartos and Ria Celestun, Yucatan State, Mexico

A new Culicoides from The Amazonian Region, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

A new Neotropical species of biting midge Culicoides (Haematomyidium), C. kampa Felippe-Bauer, Veras & Castellon, is described and illustrated based on female specimens from the Amazonian Region.