ABSTRACT
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate incidence, patterns, and severity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) induced adverse drug reactions (ADR). Methods: A total of 500 hypertensive patients taking ACEI was enrolled in the study by taking an informed consent. Reporting of all ACEI-induced ADRs was done by filling CDSCO ADR form. All ADR reports were evaluated according to WHO-UMC causality assessment scale. Results: A total of 53 ADRs (31 males and 22 females) was observed in 500 hypertensive patients taking ACEI. Of 53 ADRs, 22 (41.51%) were mild, 28 (52.83%) were moderate, and only 3 (5.66%) were classified as severe. 7 ADRs (13.21%) were classified as certain, 30 ADRs (56.60%) were in probable category, 8 (15.09%) were in possible category, 4 (7.55%) in unlikely category, 3 (5.66%) in conditional category (unclassified), and 1 ADR was in unassessable (unclassifiable) category. Among 53 ADRs, 24 (4.80%) patients developed dry cough, 8 (1.60%) hypotension, 2 (0.40%) headache, 2 (0.40%) dizziness, 3 (0.60%) nausea/bowel upset, 3 (0.60%) rashes, 2 (0.40%) developed angioedema, 3 (0.60%) dysgeusia, hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, proteinuria are rare. Conclusions: Incidence of ADRs by ACEIs is 10.60% with cough as the most common ADR followed by hypotension. As enalapril is most frequently used ACEI, ADRs due to enalapril are more common.
ABSTRACT
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a syndrome characterised by productive cough with bronchiectasis and sinusitis early in life and reduced fertility later in life. PCD is a rare syndrome with an estimated incidence of 1: 20,000 to 30,000 . Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetic disorder which manifests early in life and that distinguish it from the acquired mucociliary disorders . Here we discuss one such case of Kartagener’s syndrome that presented to us with bronchiectasis , recurrent sinusitis with primary infertility and situs inversus , all of which which fit into the triad of Kartagener’s syndrome.
ABSTRACT
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell cancer in which antibody-producing plasma cells grow in an uncontrolled and invasive way. The known incidence of multiple myeloma in India ranges from 0.5 to 1.2 per 100,000 & is a rare in India. It usually occurs in persons older than 55 years and the ratio of men: women is 3:2. Multiple myeloma affects the bones, immune system, kidneys and red blood cell count. We report a case of refractory multiple myeloma.
ABSTRACT
Wilson disease of Progressive Lenticular Degeneration is a familial nervous disease associated with Cirrhosis of the Liver. It has been observed that there is an increased copper content of the liver and brain. Increased excretion of copper in patients with Wilson disease & increased even more after administration of the chelating agent British anti-Lewisite (BAL). Ciruloplasmin, serum protein that binds copper, is reduced. The deposition of copper in tissues is the cause of virtually all the manifestations of the disease in Liver Blood Kidney & Brain We have observed three different cases of different clinical presentations.