Predictores de fenómeno de no reflujo en infarto agudo del miocardio con elevación del segmento ST / Predictors in no-reflow phenomenon in acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation

Resumen Antecedentes: El fenómeno de «no reflujo¼ (NR) es una de las complicaciones más temidas tras una intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP) en el tratamiento del infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) por su elevada morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Describir los factores predictores para el fenómeno de NR en un grupo de sujetos con IAMCEST tratados con ICP. Método: Se estudiaron 103 casos de IAMCEST a los que se les realizó una ICP. Los sujetos se dividieron de acuerdo con la presencia del fenómeno de NR. Se estudió mediante un análisis multivariante la edad, el sexo, presencia de comorbilidades, el peso y otros parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio como predictores del fenómeno de NR. Resultados: En este estudio, el análisis con regresión logística identificó como factores independientes para el desarrollo de fenómeno de NR el flujo TIMI basal ≤ 2 (razón de momios [OR]6.03; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 0.9-11.8; p = 0.04), estadio enfermedad renal según KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) ≥ 3 (OR 3.49; IC 95%: 1.2-2.6; p = 0.02) y nivel de glucosa ≥ 180 mg/dl(OR 2.61; IC 95%: 1.0-2.4; p = 0.04). Conclusiones: El fenómeno de NR sigue siendo un reto para la morbimortalidad a corto y a largo plazo en el IAMCEST. Los factores identificados pueden ser utilizados para la estratificación de los casos con IAMCEST y riesgo de fenómeno de NR previo a la ICP.

Abstract Background: No-reflow (NR) phenomenon is one of the most feared complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to its high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the predictive factors for NR phenomenon in a group of subjects with STEMI treated with PCI. Method: One hundred and three cases of STEMI who underwent PCI. The subjects were divided according to the presence of NR phenomenon. In a multivariate analysis age, gender, comorbidities, weight, and other clinical and laboratory parameters were studied as predictors of NR phenomenon were studied. Results: In this study, logistic regression analysis identified as independent factors for the development of NR phenomenon baseline TIMI flow ≤ 2 (OR 6.03; 95% CI, 0.9 to 11.8; p = 0.04), ER KDIGO ≥ 3 (OR OR 2.61; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4; p = 0.04). Conclusions: NR phenomenon continues to be a challenge for short and long-term morbidity and mortality in STEMI. The identified factors can be used for the stratification of cases with STEMI and risk of NR phenomenon prior to PCI.

Experiencia con la enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob de un único centro de referencia en México. Análisis de una serie de casos / Experience with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a single referral center in Mexico. Case series

Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (ECJ) es una enfermedad del sistema nervioso central rápidamente progresiva y mortal causada por priones. Objetivo: Presentar las principales características clínicas y paraclínicas de pacientes con probable ECJ en un centro de referencia de América Latina. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados con demencia rápidamente progresiva entre 2014 y 2019. Se incluyeron características clínicas, demográficas, del electroencefalograma, imágenes por resonancia magnética, proteína 14-3-3 y tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET), cuando estaba disponible. Resultados: Veinticuatro pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de ECJ esporádica (75 % mujeres), la edad media fue de 59.29 ± 11.67 años, la duración de la enfermedad desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el ingreso hospitalario fue de 7.41 ± 6.54 meses y las primeras manifestaciones más comunes fueron las alteraciones del comportamiento (41.7 %). Los complejos de ondas delta prevalecieron en el electroencefalograma (54.2 %), la hiperintensidad cortical en la resonancia magnética (83.3 %) y el hipometabolismo frontal en la PET (37.5 %). En el análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo, siete casos mostraron proteína tau total positiva; cinco, proteína 14-3-3 positiva; y tres, proteína tau hiperfosforilada positiva. Conclusiones: Existe importante heterogeneidad clínica en cuanto a los síntomas iniciales. Los hallazgos de las pruebas auxiliares coincidieron con los de otras series.

Abstract Introduction: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive and fatal central nervous system disease caused by prions. Objective: To present the main clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with probable CJD in a referral center of Latin America. Methods: Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with rapidly progressive dementia between 2014 and 2019. Clinical, demographic, electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, and 14-3-3 protein characteristics were included, as well as positron-emission tomography (PET) data when available. Results: Twenty-four patients met the criteria for sporadic CJD (75% were women). Mean age was 59.29 ± 11.67 years, while mean disease duration from symptom onset to hospital admission was 7.41 ± 6.54 months. The most common first symptom was behavioral changes (41.7%). Delta wave complexes prevailed (54.2%) on electroencephalogram, cortical hyperintensity (83.3%) on magnetic resonance and frontal hypometabolism (37.5%) on PET. Seven cases showed positive total Tau; five, positive 14-3-3 protein; and three, positive phosphorylated tau on cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Conclusions: There is significant clinical heterogeneity regarding initial symptoms. Auxiliary test findings were consistent with those of other series.

Malnutrition and Associated Motor and Non-motor Factors in People with Parkinson's Disease

Background: People with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) are at higher risk of developing malnutrition. Several factors have been suggested to be involved including motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, and treatment-related complications. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the combined effect of motor, non-motor, and pharmacological factors in the risk of malnutrition in PwP. Methods: Eighty-seven consecutive PwP were included in the study. Clinical data and pharmacological treatment were collected. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale HAM-D, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were applied. Results: Thirty (34.4%) PwP were at risk of malnutrition and seven had malnutrition (8%). Abnormal nutritional status was associated with lower education, higher MDS-UPDRS Parts I, II, and III and total scores, and higher scores in the NMSS domain of sleep disorders and fatigue. MDS-UPDRS motor score remained as a determinant of abnormal nutritional status, defined as MNA <23.5, with an odds ratio 1.1 (95% confidence interval 1.01-1.10, p = 0.02). Conclusion: The main factor associated with nutritional status was severity of the motor symptoms as assessed by the MDS-UPDRS Part III. Non-motor symptoms and treatment-related complications were not associated with malnutrition. (REV INVEST CLIN. 2020;72(5):293-9)