ABSTRACT
Apart from the breast milk, infant formula and baby weaning food have a special role in infant diet. Infants and young children are very susceptible to amount of trace elements. Copper and zinc are two elements that add in infant food. Lead and cadmium are heavy metals that enter to food chain unavoidably. DPASV is a benefit and applicable method for measurement of trace elements in food products. In this study, concentration of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in four brands of baby food [rice and wheat based] and powder milk was analyzed with DPASV and polarograph set. Total Mean SE of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in baby foods [n=240] were 11.86 1.474 mg/100g, 508.197 83.154 Micro g/100g, 0.445 0.006, 0.050 0.005 mg/kg respectively. Also these amount in powder milk [n=240] were 3.621 0.529 mg/100g, 403.822 133.953 Micro g/100g, 0.007 0.003, 0.060 0.040 mg/kg respectively. Zinc level in baby food type I was higher than lablled value [P = 0.030], but in other brands was not difference. Concentration of copper in all of samples was in labeled range [P > 0.05]. In each four products, level of lead and cadmium were lower than the standard limit [P<0.05]. Amount of zinc and lead in baby food I, had difference versus other products. Concentration of zinc, cadmium in baby food type I, was higher than type II [P= 0.043, 0.001 respectively]. Concentration of lead and cadmium in baby food type II, was higher than infant formulas, but are in standard limit
ABSTRACT
Sesame [Sesamum indicum L.] seed and oil have long been used widely as healthy foods to supply energy and prevent aging. Some of the main active anti-oxidative constituents in sesame seeds are y-tocopherol and phenols. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between roasting temperature and time with gamma -tocopherol and total phenolic compounds [TPC] of sesame seeds when roasted in a domestic electric oven. Eight cultivars of sesame seeds in this study were Darab, Dezful, Karqj, Moghan, Naz-Branching, Naz-NonBranching, Siah and Varamin. Each cultivar was divided into ten group based on the roasting time [10, 15 and 20 min] and temperatures [180, 200 and 220 °C] andunroasted one. The high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] and spectrophotometeric methods were used for gamma-tocopherol [n = 80] and TPC [n = 80] analysis, respectively. The gamma -tocopherol content ranged from 329 +/- 5 mg/L in Naz-Branching sesame oil to 1114 +/- 7 mg/L in Siah sesame oil and 169 +/- 6 to 577 +/- 1 mg/kg in sesame seed respectively, gamma -tocopherol content of six cultivars increased significantly [p < 0.05] as the roasting temperature and time; until 200 °C for 10 min, but they were decreased by roasting at 220 °C in longer time. Also TPC increased significantly as the roasting temperature. The amount of TPC varied in different sesame cultivars from 20.109 +/- 3.967 microM to 129.300 +/- 3.493 in Varamin and Naz-Branching sesame seed cultivars, respectively, also TPC increased from 70.953 +/- 5.863 microM in unroasted Naz-Branching sesame seed to 129.300 +/- 3.493 microM after roasting in 200 °C for 20 min. The present study showed that Iranian sesame seed can be considered as a good source of natural antioxidant specially after roasting. The optimum temperature and time roasting to obtain the most y-tocopherol and total phenolic content was 200 °C for 10 and 20 min, respectively
ABSTRACT
Bone is a dynamic tissue that is continuously renewed throughout life by the process of bone remodeling. Antioxidant system might be involved in the pathogenesis of bone loss, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity [TAC], vitamin C and vitamin E levels of plasma besides measuring enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT] and glutathione reductase [GR] enzymes activity in Iranian osteoporotic women comparing to the control group. Bone mineral density [BMD] of the femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. The participants were divided into groups: a] total participants [-3.9 /= -1] including 76 women, c] the total patients [T-score < -1] including 76 women. Then, plasma TAC, vitamin C levels, SOD and GR activities, erythrocyte CAT were measured using spectrophotometrical methods separately, and for vitamin E by HPLC analysis. Comparing the control group and osteoporotic women showed that: a] plasma levels for vitamin C and erythrocyte CAT were markedly lower in the patients than in the controls, but plasma activity of TAC, SOC and GR were significantly higher, respectively. b] the differences were higher between control and patients with severe disease [T-score <-1.7] comparing to patients in the group with milder disease [-1.7